2 - Literary Methods and Their Effects

Question 1

Define:

Point of view

Literature

Answer 1

Refers to the narrator of a story, describing actions and thoughts of characters.

A story can be told by a character sharing their own experiences or by an outside narrator describing characters.

Question 2

Describe:

The point of view’s impact on the reader’s experience.

Answer 2

Determines how much information the reader receives about characters or situations.

Question 3

Identify:

The three main types of points of view in literature.

Answer 3

1. First-person
2. Second-person
3. Third-person

Question 4

Describe:

First-person point of view.

Answer 4

Told from the perspective of one character using ‘I’ and ‘me’.

Question 5

Identify:

An example of a first-person narrative.

Answer 5

The Bell Jar

by Sylvia Plath

Question 6

Describe:

Second-person point of view.

Answer 6

It uses the pronoun ‘you’ and addresses the reader directly.

Question 7

Identify:

A work that uses second-person point of view.

Answer 7

If on a Winter’s Night a Traveler

by Italo Calvino

Another example is How to get Filthy Rich in Rising Asia by Mohsin Hamid.

Question 8

Describe:

Third-person point of view.

Answer 8

A narrator describes the actions of characters and uses pronouns such as ‘he’, ‘she’ and ‘they’.

Question 9

Fill in the blank:

________ point of view is ideal for helping readers identify with the character.

Answer 9

First-person

With first-person point of view, readers tend to better connect with a character’s thoughts, experiences and motivations.

Question 10

True or false:

A combination of first- and second-person narration is common in epistolary novels.

Answer 10

True

In these types of stories, the protagonist often addresses the reader directly, blending first-person storytelling with second-person engagement.

Question 11

List:

The three major types of third-person narration.

Answer 11

1. Omniscient
2. Limited omniscient
3. Objective

Question 12

Describe:

Omniscient narration

Answer 12

Provides information on the thoughts and feelings of multiple characters.

Question 13

Explain:

What is limited omniscient narration?

Answer 13

Follows the thoughts of just one character from an external perspective.

Question 14

Define:

Objective narration

Answer 14

Provides no narrative commentary, leaving full interpretation to the reader.

Question 15

Explain:

How does choosing a particular point of view impact a story’s significance?

Answer 15

Can keep information from readers or provide conflicting character experiences in limited omniscient narration.

Question 16

Explain:

How can first-person narration create an unreliable narrator?

Answer 16

The character’s perspective cannot be fully trusted, creating doubt about the truth of their account.

Question 17

Describe:

How can we identify the point of view in a story?

Answer 17

• Pronouns: Check for “I” (first-person), “you” (second-person), or “he/she/they” (third-person).
  
  • Third-person types:
    
    • Omniscient: Narrator knows all.
    • Limited: Narrator knows one character’s thoughts.
    • Objective: Narrator only reports what is seen.
• Narrator’s perspective: Consider their biases and knowledge.

Example question: Who is telling the story?

Question 18

Define:

Literary character

Answer 18

A person, animal or object/thing presented as a person in a narrative.

A literary character is essential for a story, as it interacts with the plot or events.

Question 19

List:

The two required elements of a story.

Answer 19

• Characters
• Plot or events

A story requires at least one character.

Question 20

Define:

Internal conflict in literary characters.

Answer 20

A character overcoming grief or personal struggles.

This reflects the character’s emotional journey.

Question 21

Define:

External conflict in literary characters.

Answer 21

Characters in conflict with another or surviving a natural disaster.

This reflects the character’s interaction with their environment or other characters.

Question 22

Define:

Character development

Answer 22

How complex a character is presented and how much the author shares about them.

Question 23

Describe:

Direct characterization

Answer 23

It occurs when characters are described in detail early in a narrative, with the author telling us specific information about their personalities.

This allows readers to understand the character from the beginning.

Question 24

Describe:

Indirect characterization

Answer 24

Readers learn about a character through their responses to encounters with other characters and events.

This method reveals character traits gradually.

Question 25

# List: Factors for categorizing characters.

Answer 25

* **Proximity** to story events * **How well readers know them** * **Relationship** to the primary character * **Significant changes** during the narrative

Question 26

# Explain: What **distinguishes** a **protagonist** from an **antagonist**?

Answer 26

The **protagonist** is the **main character**, often the 'good guy'; the **antagonist** **opposes** them. ## Footnote Antagonists can also be groups, nature or internal conflicts.

Question 27

# Describe: Dynamic character

Answer 27

A character that undergoes **significant change** during the story. ## Footnote This change often involves a lesson learned or a challenge overcome.

Question 28

# Define: Static character

Answer 28

A character that **does not undergo significant change** during the narrative. ## Footnote Static characters remain the same from beginning to end.

Question 29

# Define: Round characters

Answer 29

Characters described in detail with **complex personalities**. ## Footnote Round characters may or may not be dynamic.

Question 30

# Define: Flat characters

Answer 30

Characters with **one or two defining traits**, usually **minor** to the plot. ## Footnote They help move the story along but are not complex.

Question 31

# Define: Stock characters

Answer 31

Characters that represent **stereotypes** and are **less defined than flat characters**. ## Footnote They often fill roles like 'nosy neighbor' or 'kindergarten teacher'.

Question 32

# Define: Confidant character

Answer 32

A secondary character **aligned with the protagonist** whom they trust and confide in. ## Footnote This character often provides insight into the protagonist's thoughts.

Question 33

# Define: Foil character

Answer 33

A character **used to highlight traits in another character** by displaying opposite traits. ## Footnote Often is the antagonist.

Question 34

# Describe: The role of a **villain** in a story.

Answer 34

The '**bad guy**' who brings harm or ruin to the protagonist. ## Footnote Villains often coincide with the antagonist.

Question 35

# Define: Deuteragonist

Answer 35

The **second most important character** in the story, often a partner to the protagonist. ## Footnote This character may also act as an antagonist, or as an aid or foil to the protagonist.

Question 36

# Define: Tertiary character

Answer 36

**Minor character** that **appears only once** to move a single plot element forward. ## Footnote They play a limited role in the narrative.

Question 37

# List: **Common types of characters** in literature.

Answer 37

* Protagonist * Antagonist * Dynamic * Static * Round * Flat

Question 38

# Explain: 3 effects of **character development**

Answer 38

1. **Drives plot**: Characters' actions, decisions, and relationships move the story forward. 2. **Develops theme**: Characters' experiences, flaws, and growth often illustrate the central message of the work. 3. **Evokes emotions**: Readers can connect with, sympathize with, or even dislike characters, which impacts their emotional response to the story.

Question 39

# Explain: What can readers gain by **comparing literary texts** as it relates to **theme**?

Answer 39

* By comparing works across different time periods, cultures, and genres, readers can recognize recurring themes like love, loss, power, justice, and the human condition. * Readers can also identify recurring motifs like journeys, transformations, and the struggle between good and evil.

Question 40

# Define: Setting | in literature

Answer 40

The **time**, **place** and **environment** in which a story occurs.

Question 41

# Identify: The three **main components of setting** in literature.

Answer 41

* Time * Place * Environment ## Footnote Each component contributes to the overall understanding of the story.

Question 42

# Explain: How does **setting establish mood** in a story?

Answer 42

By **providing descriptors** that **evoke emotional responses**. ## Footnote The initial mood can remain consistent or change throughout the text.

Question 43

# Identify: **Ways setting** can help **define characters**.

Answer 43

* Revealing **traits** **through** their **environment**. * Showing **how** they **react** to their **surroundings**. ## Footnote The environment can provide insights into economic status and personal preferences.

Question 44

# Describe: How **setting enhances conflict** in a story.

Answer 44

By **influencing the characters' challenges** and the historical context that shapes the conflict. ## Footnote Elements like weather and geography can also build tension.

Question 45

# Describe: What setting is used in ***To Kill a Mockingbird***, and how does it impact the story?

Answer 45

The fictional town of **Maycomb, AL**, in the **1930s**, highlighting **racial and economic disparities**. ## Footnote The setting provides context for the characters' struggles during that era.

Question 46

# Explain: How **Tolkien** utilizes setting in ***The Lord of the Rings***.

Answer 46

By **contrasting** the **peaceful Shire** with **dangerous locations** like **Moria** and **Mount Doom**. ## Footnote This contrast develops conflict and character growth for Frodo.

Question 47

# Identify: Two unique **settings** presented in the ***Harry Potter*** series.

Answer 47

* Human (muggle) world * Wizarding world ## Footnote The contrast between these worlds enhances the understanding of Harry's character.

Question 48

# Define: Tone | in literature

Answer 48

The attitude of the author. | It is influenced by word choice, sentence structure & chosen details. ## Footnote Sometimes an author uses an emotive writing style for the narrator that differs from their own voice.

Question 49

# Identify: Tone's functions

Answer 49

* Helps articulate a **text's argument** or **message**. * Creates **relations between readers & characters**. * Provokes **affect** or **perspective** from **readers**. * Gives an **individual** or unique **voice** to **characters**. * Creates or **influences** a text's **mood**. ## Footnote Tone can be expressed by the narrator, which may differ from the author's voice.

Question 50

# Explain: **Difference** between tone and mood in literature.

Answer 50

* **Tone** is the **author's attitude**. * **Mood** is the **reader's feelings**. ## Footnote The author and reader exist outside of the narrative context.

Question 51

# Define: **Imagery** in literature

Answer 51

Visually **descriptive** or **figurative** **language** used to depict physical things. ## Footnote Successful imagery can set a particular mood.

Question 52

# Define: Diction | in the context of literature

Answer 52

The **choice** and **use** of **words** and **phrases** in writing. ## Footnote Diction significantly affects the mood of a text.

Question 53

# Define: Genre

Answer 53

The **categorization** of a particular text based on its **content** or **style**.

Question 54

# Define: Plot

Answer 54

It includes **what happens** and also deals with **why the events unfold the way they do**.

Question 55

# Identify: An **example** of a text that demonstrates **tone**.

Answer 55

*Don Quixote* | by Cervantes ## Footnote The opening line creates a tone of separation.

Question 56

# Identify: An **example** of a text that demonstrates **mood**.

Answer 56

*Othello* | by William Shakespeare ## Footnote The quote creates a sad or grim mood.

Question 57

# Identify: The literary technique used to **evoke feelings in readers**.

Answer 57

Mood ## Footnote Mood is affected by setting, imagery, diction, and tone.

Question 58

# Define: Figurative language

Answer 58

* The **opposite of literal language**. * It uses **expressions and words** in a way that goes beyond their actual, normal meaning. ## Footnote It makes writing more vivid and interesting, drawing readers into a story.

Question 59

# Describe: A symbol | in literature

Answer 59

It **represents** something other than its literal meaning. ## Footnote Symbols are used to convey ideas, without actually specifying the idea. The meaning of a symbol can vary based on context.

Question 60

# Identify: The **seven types** of **imagery**.

Answer 60

* Visual (sight) * Auditory (sound) * Olfactory (smell) * Gustatory (taste) * Tactile (touch) * Kinesthetic (movement) * Organic (emotion) ## Footnote Each type appeals to a different sense or experience.

Question 61

# Identify: The **type** of **imagery** used in Sylvia Plath's poem '***Metaphors***'

Answer 61

**Auditory** imagery | It creates rhythm through the structure of nine syllables per line. ## Footnote This symbolizes the discomfort and anticipation of pregnancy.

Question 62

# Explain: The significance of **repetition** in literature.

Answer 62

It **draws the reader's attention** and is purposeful in construction, **indicating meaning**. ## Footnote Writers use it to highlight important themes or ideas.

Question 63

# Describe: Symbolic imagery

Answer 63

**Imagery** in literature or poetry **analyzed for symbolism**, revealing themes and deeper meanings. ## Footnote It helps uncover the author's message.

Question 64

# Identify: Types of **figurative language**.

Answer 64

* Simile * Metaphor * Personification * Onomatopoeia * Alliteration * Hyperbole ## Footnote These are common in fiction.

Question 65

# Explain: What role does **context** play in understanding **symbolism**?

Answer 65

It influences the **interpretation** of a symbol's meaning. ## Footnote Different contexts can lead to different interpretations.

Question 66

# Explain: The **difference** between a **metaphor** and a **simile**.

Answer 66

A **metaphor** is a **comparison** that paints a verbal picture **without using 'like' or 'as.'** ## Footnote Example: 'Our living room's black hole', referring to a chimney.

Question 67

# Define: Personification

Answer 67

Giving animals or inanimate objects **human qualities** or characteristics. ## Footnote Example: Sparks portrayed as dancing and playing.

Question 68

# Define: Onomatopoeia

Answer 68

When words **imitate sounds**. ## Footnote Example: 'The fire snapped and crackled.'

Question 69

# Define: Alliteration

Answer 69

The repetition of **consonant** or **vowel sounds**, usually at the beginning of words. ## Footnote Example: 'The fuzzy, furry, friendly, fat cat' emphasizes the 'f' sound.

Question 70

# Define: Hyperbole

Answer 70

An **overstatement** or **exaggeration** used for **dramatic effect**. ## Footnote Example: 'Eyes as wide as dinner plates.'

Question 71

# Identify: What is this phrase an example of in literature? *"**Her eyes were like dark pools**.*" ## Footnote A type of figurative language.

Answer 71

Simile ## Footnote This compares eyes to dark pools using 'like.'

Question 72

# Identify: A purpose of figurative language.

Answer 72

It makes writing more **vivid** and **interesting**. ## Footnote It encourages readers to explore deeper meanings.

Question 73

# Explain: 3 effects of figurative language in terms of enriching literary texts.

Answer 73

1. **Creates Vivid Imagery**: By using metaphors, similes, and personification, authors paint vivid pictures in the reader's mind. This helps readers visualize scenes, characters, and emotions more effectively. 2. **Conveys Deeper Meaning**: Figurative language goes beyond literal meaning, allowing authors to express complex ideas and emotions in a more nuanced and impactful way. 3. **Engages the Reader's Imagination**: Figurative language encourages readers to think creatively and make connections. It sparks the imagination and invites readers to interpret the deeper meaning behind the words.

Question 74

# Explain: How does figurative language create an **emotional impact** in readers?

Answer 74

* By using **vivid descriptions** and evoking strong emotions, figurative language can create a powerful emotional impact on the reader. ## Footnote **Example**: the use of personification can give inanimate objects life and emotions, making them more relatable and engaging.

Question 75

# Expain: How does comparing literary texts **deepen understanding of society**?

Answer 75

* **Literature** often **reflects** the **social, political, and cultural context** in which it was created. * By comparing texts from different eras, we can gain a deeper understanding of how societies have changed over time and how literature has responded to those changes.