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Micro Exam 2 > 2: Microbial Growth > Flashcards

2: Microbial Growth Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

Burkholderia mellei

A

Glanders in Horses
WWI: first use of bioterrorism with this in the US
spread it among horses

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2
Q

Chlamydia

A 
Most common (reported) STI in US
asymptomatic: 25% of men and 70% women don't know they have it
causes infertility in women 
CANNOT live outside human host
metabolically inert like spore
not a virus bc it has ribosomes
small
obligate and infects mucosal tissues (including eyes)
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3
Q

Chlamydia symptoms

A

Buring sensation during urination
painful intercourse
rectal pain/discharge
discharge (clear)

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4
Q

Chlamydia Elementary Bodies

A

small
stick to human sperm to transit M to F
small infectious particle found in secretions

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5
Q

reticulate bodies (Chlamydia)

A

intracellular form
as soon as they get inside host cell
divide, some become new elementary bodies
once cell fills up with reticulate bodies, the cell will burst, release elementary bodies… repeat

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6
Q

how many days after you get it can you give it?

A

1-2 days

super quick

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7
Q

overview of Chlamydia lifecycle

A

EB transform to RB, RB multiply in cell

some RBs go back to EBs, host cell bursts, EBs released and infect more cells

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8
Q

Magic Johnson effect

A

he got HIV, people started being safer

He stayed well, people think its cured, unsafe sex again

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9
Q

what do we regernated if we do glycolysis and there’s no oxygen?

A

NAD+
so we can add another e- to it
put the e- on pyruvate?

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10
Q

What move electrons TO the ETS?

A

NADH

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11
Q

What makes ATP?

A

ATP synthase

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12
Q

Respiration

A

Use oxygen as FINAL ELECTRON ACCEPTOR

some cells use SH2 as final electron acceptor

turns 6 carbon sugar into 6 CO2, H2O, 36ATP

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13
Q

What is the final electron acceptor

A

Oxygen

sometimes SH2

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14
Q

what does oxygen do?

A

pulls electrons off of things to take them to a lower nrg state

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15
Q

Fermentation

A

varied electron acceptors
takes 6 carbon sugar and makes into 2 or 3 carbon organic acid or alcohol
Electron Acceptor Examples:
- acetic acid (vinegar)
- ethanol
- lactic acid
PRODUCES about 1/10th the nrg as respiration

we use aerobic activities to change our food

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16
Q

when do we need to regenerate NAD+

A

if we have no oxygen after glycolysis

CONVERT TO NAHD

we NEED NAD+ for glycolysis

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17
Q

what does glucose go to first?

A

pyruvate

1 6 carbon to 2 3 carbons

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18
Q

nrg state…

A

decreases as we go through the process

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19
Q

phosphorylation of glucose… why? (2 reasons)

Study These Flashcards
A

add a phosphate from ATP…

1) DESTABALIZE , so its easier to break off carbons
2) charge glucose so it Can’t leave the cell

20
Q

what happens when we remove the phosphates from glucose?

Study These Flashcards
A

make pyruvic aicd
make ATP or
produce NADHs

21
Q

the big picture of changing glucose…

Study These Flashcards
A

lots of enzymes are doing things to glucose in small steps

we release nrg and transfer electrons to either make more ATP or to make NADHs

22
Q

if we have oxygen after glycolysis

Study These Flashcards
A

deal with NADH

feed into Krebs cycle

23
Q

what does the Krebs cycle make

24
Q

Excess NADH…

Study These Flashcards
A

INHIBITS enzyme activity

too much product

25
what carriers electrons to the ETS? NADH or NAD+
NADH
26
the ETS... what do the enzymes do with the nrg that we get when we take off the electrons
pump protons across the membrane
27
what is a proton?
a hydrogen molec without an electron
28
what do cytochromes require?
oxygen
29
iron
life evolved with lots of iron before oxygen evolved to use enzymes with iron in them when we got oxygen now its harder to have enough iron to deal with the oxygen i dont understand this, he talked about it on slide 17
30
how do we measure differences in proton concentration?
pH
31
at every step... what happens to the protons
they are pumped outside the cell proton gradient created
32
ATP synthase
the proton motive force uses difference of proton concentration inside and outside to convert ADP to ATP
33
what does ATP synthase do
equalizes... lets protons come back into cell
34
how ATP synthase works
converts gradient nrg to mechanical nrg... it spins gradient nrg leads to changes in the F1 state (the rotating part) due to movement of protons back across membrane gradient nrg-> mechanical nrg 1-> mechanical nrg 2
35
2 states of the F1 component
Straight State | Diagonal
36
Straight State
accepts ADP
37
Diagonal State State
releases ATP
38
transition form straight to diagonal
addition of phosphate to ADP due to rocking of the F1 state
39
who's cells are more efficient in making nrg?
bacteria
40
what else can be metabolized?
Proteins, lipids depends on your ATP levels low ATP: proteins and lipid breakdown high ATP: synthesis
41
Anabolism
synth of new molecules feed of carbohydrate catabolism lots of enzymes... maintain homeostasis
42
Photosynthesis
take chlorophyll and make light nrg put light nrg into high nrg electrons send the electrons to the ETS make glucose
43
How do we grow bacteria in a pure culture
have to create an environment where olny the bacteria you want can grow figure out its requirements and exclude all others
44
why grow in a pure culture?
to study the organism in absence of everything else
45
Can we grow all bacteria in pure culture?
Nope! Not even a little bit!
46
what kind of bacteria usually affect humans (only one we'll talk about temp wise)
mesophiles | human body temp range is 30-40 degrees
47
what is most food spoilage due to (in the fridge)?
fungi | but some bacteria can live in the fridge too... so they can cause issues too for refrigerated too

Micro Exam 2 (8 decks)

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