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Micro Exam 2 > 5: Killing Bacteria > Flashcards

5: Killing Bacteria Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

Fecal matter

A

80% bacteria

mostly gram positives anaerobesf found in intestine (most not disease causing)

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2
Q

colon bacteria

A

uncultureable outside of human gut

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3
Q

firmicutes and bacteriodetes

A

2 main groups of bacteria in fecal matter

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4
Q

Germ free mice…

A

no bacteria in gut
hard to gain weight
lose lots of fluids

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5
Q

gut bacteria are good

A

provide vitamins and nutrients
do some metabolism
increase surface area of gut

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6
Q

fecal matter: what do we smell?

A

bacterial byproducts

negative association because eating it can kill us/make us sick

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7
Q

Waste treatment

A

remove–>isolate–>sediment–>purify

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8
Q

chlorine treatment of water

A

kills most bacteria

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9
Q

waste water treatment limitations

A

does not remove chemicals
like prozac, progesterone, antibiotics in water

no limitations on how much of these can be in water

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10
Q

the further you are from a water system…

A

the more chemicals that aren’t broken down there are in your water

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11
Q

look at slide 4

A

look at slide 4

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12
Q

Ways to kill bacteria

A

oxidation/reduction
membrane disruption
protein folding disruption

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13
Q

Sepsis

A

microbial contamination

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14
Q

Asepsis

A

absence of significant contamination

aseptic surgery techniques to prevent microbial contamination of wounds

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15
Q

sanitization

A

lower microbial counts on eating utensils/in water to drink again

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16
Q

Biocide/germicide

A

KILLs microbes

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17
Q

Bacteriostaisis

A

inhibiting, not killing microbes

used in food prep to prevent foods from growing bacteria w/o removing the bacteria

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18
Q

sterilization

A

removing ALL microbial life

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19
Q

commercial steriliztion

A

killing C. botlulinim endospires… think restaurant cleaning

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20
Q

Disinfection

A

Removing pathogens
bleach
can also kill us

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21
Q

antisepsis

A

removing pathogens from LIVING tissues (don’t harm living tissue)

iodine

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22
Q

disinfection vs. antisepsis

A

a choice… do we kill the host in order to kill all the bacteria?

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23
Q

Oxidation/Reduction

A

can mutate DNA

prevent/alter action of enzymes

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24
Q

Membrane Disruption

A

loss of proton motive force

loss of integrity

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25
Protein folding disruption
temp and some chem change lowest nrg state of protein causes misfolding or unfolding
26
Physical control of microbes
moist heat | dry heat
27
moist heat
autoclaving common for food high temp WITH moisture
28
how moist heat works
high temp disrupts breaks hydrogen bonds in proteins cool back down: proteins refold in a non-functioning way think eggs... denaturation and rearrangement of proteins
29
autoclave
121C for 30 minutes steam under a great among of pressure moist heat used by hospitals, dentists, good tattoo parlors, labs, disposal of bio waste
30
autoclave is used to
STERILIZE things will kill things that grow at room temperature
31
why use pressure in an autoclave
to keep liquids from boiling so we can sterlize them
32
Dry Heat
stimulates oxidation rxn no moisture covalent change... IRREVERSIBLE oxygen overcomes potential nrg needed to react with chemicals. heat allows it to stay spontaneous
33
where is human fecal matter
all over bodies... we're constantly leaking important to clean underwear
34
underwear
front line to controlling fecal bacteria we don't actually clean them well
35
examples of dry heat
burnt toast bunsen burner oven (cooks food by dry heat)
36
dry vs. moist heat
moist: proteins come back together | dry heat: irreversible
37
burtn toast
oxygen reacted with carbon molecs produced CO2 and carbon compounds that are the black burnt part
38
dry heat and underwear?
ineffective
39
Pasteurization
71C for 15 sec heat very briefly: don't change it, just enough proteins are denatured (not all) only kill PATHOGENIC bacteria pathogen free, not sterile
40
autoclaving underwear
better than burning... stays the same but is sterilized
41
Examples of pasteurization
milk beer canned foods...heat long enough to kill spores to prevent spoilage
42
Napolean
won at life because he could can food and take it with him and it didn't spoil
43
Pastureizing... what do we kill
we kill pathogenic bacteria and denaturizes SOME proteins
44
Filter Sterilization
non lethal removal of microbes size exclusion... pore size smaller than microbe
45
HEPA
High Efficiency Particulate Air Filter huge filter than purrifies air fume hoods idea behind vacuums that remove microbes from air...eh
46
pastuerizing underwear
what we do if we wash in hot water and then dry... but not the most effective
47
filtering and underwear
not effective
48
advantages of filters
allows low temp removal of bacteria and viruses keep proteins/enzymes functioning MGD... cold filtered bevrages... doesn't change taste
49
how filtering works
pass liquid through filter with holes smaller than your microbe
50
cons of filtering
viruses and clamydia are usually small enough to get through
51
Desiccation
remove all water prevents microbial growth but does NOT kill freeze drying food... good for preservation
52
downsides to desiccation
many spores are resistant to it some viruses are very resistant to it does not kill bacteria in any way... just inhibits
53
Dessication and underwear
we also do this... dryer (dessication) to drawer (storage)
54
when and why is dessication useful?
preserving things (freeze drying)
55
Radiation
electromagnetic nrg ionizing radiation non-ionizing radiation
56
ionizing radiation
Gamma Rays X rays high nrg electrons short wavelenght, high nrg
57
non-ionizing radiation
UV light sponge in the sun shortish wavelengths, highish nrg
58
microwaves
heat water molecules photons excite water molecules long wavelenght, low nrg
59
radiation depends on wavelength
wide spectrum long wavelength: lower nrg
60
radiowaves
don't kill anything | long wavelenght, lowest nrg
61
Infrared...
can kill bacteria... but not the best at it
62
UV light
causes damage to DNA
63
X-rays and Gamma Rays
do most of the sterilization high nrg waves as rays go through cell... they cause oxygen to react with protein and DNA of cell protein becomes inactive DNA is mutated
64
Underwear in the sun
leave it out for a long time inside out... really good way to sterilize (used to do with clothes lines)
65
What is the best way to prevent foodborne illnesses
irradiation kills EVERYTHING and still tastes the same but no one will buy that food because people think its bad (its not bad... it doesnt make the food radioactive)
66
irradiation
expose the thing to electormagnetic waves place food near radioactive thing, doesnt make food radioactive, just kills all the microbes microwaving

Micro Exam 2 (8 decks)

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