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Clinical Pathology > 2-Myeloid Neoplasms > Flashcards

2-Myeloid Neoplasms Flashcards

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0
Q

Myeloid neoplasms include cancers with rapid progression, gradual progression or both?

A

Both

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1
Q

What condition manifests as either lack of normal cells in the blood or presence of neoplastic cells?

A

Myeloid neoplasm

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2
Q

What is used to distinguish acute from chronic myeloid neoplasms?

A

Percentage of blast cells in marrow.

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3
Q

What are 2 examples of myeloid cancers with gradual progression?

A
  • Myelodysplastic syndromes

- Myeloproliferative neoplasms

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4
Q

Variable manifestations, usually with subtle morphologic abnormalities can be seen with which type of myeloid cancers with gradual progression?

A

Myelodysplastic syndromes

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5
Q

Usually some form of cytopenia that may be single or in combination, including non-regenerative anemia, neutropenia and/or thrombocytenia can be seen with what?

A

Myelodysplastic syndromes

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6
Q

Bone marrow may be hypocellular, of normal cellularity or hypercellular with what condition?

A

Myelodysplastic syndromes

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7
Q

Erythrocytes and RBC precursors are usually abnormally large and very variable in size leading to macrocytosis and anisocytosis (widening of RBC histogram) with what condition?

A

Myelodysplastic syndromes

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8
Q

Platelets and neutrophils may also be abnormally large with what condition?

A

Myelodysplastic syndromes

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9
Q

Dysynchrony of nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation events can be seen with what condition?

A

Myelodysplastic syndromes

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10
Q

Is myelodysplasia often pre- or post-leukemic?

A

Pre-leukemic

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11
Q

What are 3 species myelodysplasia is reported in?

A
  • Dog
  • Cat
  • Horse
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12
Q

Myelodysplasia can be induced by cats with what pre-existing condition?

A

FeLV

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13
Q

What are 3 clinical signs of MDS?

A
  • Lethargy
  • Anorexia
  • Weight loss
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14
Q

What are 2 possible progressions of MDS seen within weeks of diagnosis?

A
  • Death

- Leukemia

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15
Q

Acute myeloid leukemias must have what percentage or greater of blast cells in the bone marrow to be classified as such?

A

20%

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16
Q

Can the percentage of blasts in the blood seen with acute myeloid leukemia be variable?

A

Yes

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17
Q

In what species is acute myeloid leukemia (AML) usually due to genetic abnormality that affects cellular proliferation and maturation?

A

Humans

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18
Q

What does AML stand for?

A

Acute myeloid leukemia

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19
Q

With acute myeloid leukemia (AML), cytogenetic analysis is routine and important for what 2 things?

A
  • Determining treatment modality

- Prognosis

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20
Q

With AML, almost all cells in the bone marrow are what and cannot be classified based on what 2 things?

A
  • Blasts

- Morphology, cytochemistry

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21
Q

Sometimes AML can be diagnosed based on what 2 things?

A
  • Ultrastructural cytochemistry

- Immunophenotyping

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22
Q

What can be seen in cats with AML?

Study These Flashcards
A

“Reticuloendotheliosis”

23
Q

AML has features of what 2 types of leukemia?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Erythroid

- Myeloid

24
T/F: Very poorly differentiated myelogenous or myelomonocytic leukemia cannot be differentiated, based on morphology, from lymphoid leukemia.
True
25
You see >90% blasts in bone marrow and <10% more differentiated granulocyte precursors with what type of leukemia?
Myeloblastic leukemia (M1)
26
You see >20% but 10% differentiated granulocytes and often many promyelocytes with what type of leukemia?
Myeloblastic leukemia with differentiation (M2)
27
Immune mediated neutropenia can appear similar to what other condition?
Granulocytic leukemia
28
You see myeloblasts and monoblasts >20% in bone marrow and monocytes and granulocytes >20% in what type of leukemia?
Myelomonocytic leukemia (M4)
29
You can see promonocytes and monoblasts >80% of non-erythroid cells with what type of leukemia?
Monocytic leukemia (M5a)
30
You can see >20% to <80% promonocytes and monoblasts with which type of leukemia?
Monocytic leukemia (M5b)
31
You can see erythroid >50% myeloblasts and monoblasts <20% with which type of leukemia?
Erythroleukemia (M6)
32
You can see >20% megakaryoblasts and increased megakaryocytes in blood with which type of leukemia?
Megakaryoblastic leukemia (M7)
33
To detect megakaryoblastic leukemia (M7), you may need immunocytochemistry to detect reactivity for what 2 things?
- Factor VII-related antigen | - Platelet glycoprotein IIIa
34
With megakaryoblastic leukemia (M7), which can be seen: thrombocytopenia, thrombocytosis or both?
Both
35
Are chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms in animals common or rare? What are they difficult to distinguish from?
- Rare | - Hyperplasia
36
Is chronic granulocytic (myelogenous) leukemia more common in cats or dogs?
Dogs
37
Do you see basophilia and eosinophilia with chronic granulocytic (myelogenous) leukemia?
Rarely
38
What happens to neutrophil levels with chronic granulocytic (myelogenous) leukemia?
Marked neutrophilia
39
What type of shift can be seen with chronic granulocytic (myelogenous) leukemia?
Left shift
40
What is often seen concerning monocytes with chronic granulocytic (myelogenous) leukemia?
Monocytosis
41
Hypersegmented nuclei, giant metamyelocytes and bands can be seen with what leukemia?
Chronic granulocytic (myelogenous) leukemia
42
How do you differentiate chronic granulocytic (myelogenous) leukemia from MDS?
Marked leukocytosis
43
What type of response does chronic granulocytic (myelogenous) leukemia need to be differentiated from?
Inflammatory response
44
What are 3 factors that can point to a definitive diagnosis of chronic granulocytic (myelogenous) leukemia?
- Disorderly left shift - "Blast crisis" - Usually much more anemia than patients with inflammatory disease
45
Eosinophilic leukemia is common or rare? | It is primarily seen in what type of cats?
- Rare | - FeLV-negative
46
What are 4 signs of eosinophilic leukemia?
- Eosinophilia - Immature eosinophils in blood - Eosinophil predominance in marrow - Eosinophil infiltration of organs
47
Eosinophilic leukemia needs to be differentiated from what?
Hypereosinophilic syndrome
48
Eosinophilic leukemia has clinical signs similar to other MPDs but also include what 3 other signs?
- Thickened bowel loops - Diarrhea - Vomiting due to eosinophil infiltration of intestine
49
What are 2 drugs that can be used to treat eosinophilic leukemia that may prolong survival?
- Hydroxyurea | - Prednisone
50
Is chronic basophilic leukemia common or rare? | What 2 species has it been reported in?
- Rare | - Dogs and cats
51
What are 4 things that may be present with chronic basophilic leukemia?
- Basophilia - Orderly left shift - Maybe thrombocytosis - Organ infiltration
52
What do you need to differentiate chronic basophilic leukemia from?
Mast cell leukemia
53
Is essential thrombocytothemia common or rare?
Very, very rare
54
Iron deficiency anemia inflammation, antineoplastic drug therapy, corticosteroids, neoplasia are all differentials for what condition due to the fact that they all cause thrombocytosis?
Essential thrombocythemia
55
Platelet counts greater than what value are seen with essential thrombocythemia?
>1,000,000/ul
56
You can see an increased number of what in the bone marrow in essential thrombocythemia?
Megakaryocytes

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