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Anatomy > 2. Tissues > Flashcards

2. Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What is a group of cells and extra cellular material that performs a similar function

A

Tissue

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2
Q

Components of tissue

A

Cells and extra cellular matrix (fibers & ground substance)

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3
Q

Types of tissue

A

Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous

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4
Q

General function of epithelial tissue

A

Lining

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5
Q

General Function of connective tissue

A

Support

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6
Q

General Function of muscle tissue

A

Movement

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7
Q

General function of nervous tissue

A

Control

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8
Q

What do tissues create when they work together

A

Organs and organ systems

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9
Q

Makeup of epithelial tissue

A

Many cells and little extracellular matrix

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10
Q

What does epithelial tissue form

A

Linings to cover a surface and most glands

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11
Q

Characteristics of epithelia

A

Cellularity, held together by cell junctions, polarity (apical and basal ends), support by connective tissue (connected by basement membrane), avascular but innervated, and high cell death & regeneration

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12
Q

Components of diagram of epithelia

A

Epithelium consisting of narrow extracellular space, an apical region, a basal region, and basement membrane

Connective tissue consisting of the nerve ending and capillary

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13
Q

Function of epithelial tissue

A

Protection, secretion, absorption, and sensory reception

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14
Q

Epithelium is classified by

A

Number of cells and shape of cells

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15
Q

Single layer of cells

A

Simple

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16
Q

Multilayer of epithelial cells

A

Stratified

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17
Q

Types of epithelium cell shapes

A

Squamous, cuboidal, and columnar

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18
Q

Function and location of simple squamous cells

A

Function: rapid diffusion

Location: e.g., lung air sacs (alveoli), blood vessels (capillaries)

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19
Q

Function/location of simple cuboidal cells

A

Function: secretion and absorption

Location: e.g., kidney tubules

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20
Q

Function and location of simple columnar cells

A

Function: absorption, secretion of mucus & enzymes

Location: e.g., lined digestive tract, bronchioles

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21
Q

Location/function of pseudostratified columnar

A

Function: secretion, propel mucus

Location: e.g., trachea

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22
Q

Function/location of stratified squamous cells

A

Function: protection

Location: e.g., lining of mouth and esophagus, epidermis of skin

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23
Q

Function/location of stratified cuboidal cells

A

Function: protection and secretion

Location: e.g., ducts of salivary glands

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24
Q

Function / location of stratified columnar cells

A

Function: protection, secretion

Location: rare, male urethra

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25
Q

Function/location of transitional cells

A

Function: stretch , relax

Location: e.g., bladder

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26
Q

Types of simple epithelia

A

Squamous, cuboidal, columnar, and pseudostratified columnar

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27
Q

Types of stratified epithelia

A

Squamous, cuboidal, columnar, and transitional

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28
Q

Epithelial cells that make and secrete a product

A

Glands

29
Q

Types of glands

A

Exocrine glands and endocrine glands

30
Q

Have ducts, secrete locally onto surfaces or in cavities, and multicellular or unicellular

A

Exocrine glands

31
Q

Lack ducts, produce hormones that enter bloodstream, and target can be far away or nearby

A

Endocrine glands

32
Q

Unicellular exocrine glands that produces mucin that turns into mucus when mixed with water

A

Goblet cell

33
Q

Structures of a goblet cell

A

Microvilli, secretory vesicles containing mucin, Golgi apparatus, rough ER, and nucleus

34
Q

Continuation of epithelial sheet that invaginated into connective tissue

A

Multicellular exocrine glands

35
Q

Examples of multicellular exocrine glands

A

Sweat glands, mammary glands, salivary glands, etc.

36
Q

Types of connective tissue

A

Connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, and fluid (blood/lymph)

37
Q

Basic components of connective tissue

A

Few cells and lots of extracellular matrix

38
Q

Characteristics of connective tissue cells

A

Vary by CT and produce extracellular matrix

39
Q

Components of connective tissue extracellular matrix

A

Protein fibers and ground substance

40
Q

Types of connective tissue protein fibers in the EM

A

Collagen, elastic, and reticular

41
Q

Ground substance of connective tissue EM consists of

A

Protein, carbohydrates, and water and can be solid, gelatinous or watery

42
Q

Functions of connective tissue

A

Provide support for other structures, anchors muscles for movement, carries/stores nutrients, provides mechanical protection, and helps fight infection

43
Q

Components of CT proper

A

Primary cells: fibroblasts, adipocytes, and some WBCs

Fibers are collagen, elastic, and reticular

Ground substance is viscous

44
Q

Strongest fiber that resists tension for tissue strength (not compression)

A

Collagen

45
Q

“Rubber-band like” fiber that retains shape

A

Elastic

46
Q

Fiber that provides framework for organs

A

Reticular

47
Q

Types of CT proper

A

Loose and dense CT proper

48
Q

Difference between loose and dense CT proper

A

Dense CT has more protein fibers and less ground substance with fibers arranged more compactly

49
Q

Types of loose CT proper

A

Areolar and adipose

50
Q

Types of dense CT proper

A

Regular and irregular

51
Q

Composition of areolar CT

A

Cells: fibroblasts, adipocytes, WBCs

Fibers: collagen, elastic, and reticular

52
Q

Function of areolar CT

A

Support and bind other tissues (underlie epithelia), retain interstitial fluids, and contains cells to fight infection

53
Q

Location of areolar CT

A

Surrounds organs & capillaries, in superficial fascia under skin

54
Q

Composition of adipose CT

A

Cells: adipocytes

Fibers: collagen, elastic, and reticular

55
Q

Function of adipose tissue

A

Stores fat reserves (as fat lobules), insulation, and support/protect organs

56
Q

Location of adipose CT

A

In superficial fascia, abdomen, breast; surrounds eyes & kidneys

57
Q

Composition of irregular CT

A

Cells: fibroblasts

Fibers: collagen running in different planes to resist tension in different directions

58
Q

Function of irregular CT

A

Resist tension in many directions

59
Q

Location of irregular CT

A

Dermis of skin

60
Q

Composition of regular CT

A

Cells: fibroblasts

Fibers: parallel collagen

61
Q

Function of regular CT

A

Connect muscle to bone; bone to bone, and withstand tensile stress in one direction

62
Q

Location of regular CT

A

Muscle tendons, ligaments

63
Q

Consists of epithelium and CT proper

A

Membranes

64
Q

Types of membranes

A

Cutaneous membrane, mucous membrane, and serous membrane

65
Q

Membrane that covers the body surface

A

Cutaneous membrane (skin)

66
Q

Membrane that lines body cavities that are open to the exterior

A

Mucous membrane

67
Q

Membrane that lines body cavities that are closed to the exterior

A

Serous membrane

68
Q

Function of ground substance

A

To draw in water

69
Q

How is stratified epithelium classified specifically

A

By shape of apical cells

Anatomy (29 decks)

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