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Anatomy > 2. Tissues > Flashcards

2. Tissues Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

What is a group of cells and extra cellular material that performs a similar function

A

Tissue

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2
Q

Components of tissue

A

Cells and extra cellular matrix (fibers & ground substance)

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3
Q

Types of tissue

A

Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous

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4
Q

General function of epithelial tissue

A

Lining

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5
Q

General Function of connective tissue

A

Support

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6
Q

General Function of muscle tissue

A

Movement

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7
Q

General function of nervous tissue

A

Control

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8
Q

What do tissues create when they work together

A

Organs and organ systems

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9
Q

Makeup of epithelial tissue

A

Many cells and little extracellular matrix

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10
Q

What does epithelial tissue form

A

Linings to cover a surface and most glands

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11
Q

Characteristics of epithelia

A

Cellularity, held together by cell junctions, polarity (apical and basal ends), support by connective tissue (connected by basement membrane), avascular but innervated, and high cell death & regeneration

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12
Q

Components of diagram of epithelia

A

Epithelium consisting of narrow extracellular space, an apical region, a basal region, and basement membrane

Connective tissue consisting of the nerve ending and capillary

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13
Q

Function of epithelial tissue

A

Protection, secretion, absorption, and sensory reception

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14
Q

Epithelium is classified by

A

Number of cells and shape of cells

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15
Q

Single layer of cells

A

Simple

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16
Q

Multilayer of epithelial cells

A

Stratified

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17
Q

Types of epithelium cell shapes

A

Squamous, cuboidal, and columnar

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18
Q

Function and location of simple squamous cells

A

Function: rapid diffusion

Location: e.g., lung air sacs (alveoli), blood vessels (capillaries)

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19
Q

Function/location of simple cuboidal cells

A

Function: secretion and absorption

Location: e.g., kidney tubules

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20
Q

Function and location of simple columnar cells

A

Function: absorption, secretion of mucus & enzymes

Location: e.g., lined digestive tract, bronchioles

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21
Q

Location/function of pseudostratified columnar

A

Function: secretion, propel mucus

Location: e.g., trachea

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22
Q

Function/location of stratified squamous cells

A

Function: protection

Location: e.g., lining of mouth and esophagus, epidermis of skin

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23
Q

Function/location of stratified cuboidal cells

A

Function: protection and secretion

Location: e.g., ducts of salivary glands

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24
Q

Function / location of stratified columnar cells

A

Function: protection, secretion

Location: rare, male urethra

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25
Function/location of transitional cells
Function: stretch , relax Location: e.g., bladder
26
Types of simple epithelia
Squamous, cuboidal, columnar, and pseudostratified columnar
27
Types of stratified epithelia
Squamous, cuboidal, columnar, and transitional
28
Epithelial cells that make and secrete a product
Glands
29
Types of glands
Exocrine glands and endocrine glands
30
Have ducts, secrete locally onto surfaces or in cavities, and multicellular or unicellular
Exocrine glands
31
Lack ducts, produce hormones that enter bloodstream, and target can be far away or nearby
Endocrine glands
32
Unicellular exocrine glands that produces mucin that turns into mucus when mixed with water
Goblet cell
33
Structures of a goblet cell
Microvilli, secretory vesicles containing mucin, Golgi apparatus, rough ER, and nucleus
34
Continuation of epithelial sheet that invaginated into connective tissue
Multicellular exocrine glands
35
Examples of multicellular exocrine glands
Sweat glands, mammary glands, salivary glands, etc.
36
Types of connective tissue
Connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, and fluid (blood/lymph)
37
Basic components of connective tissue
Few cells and lots of extracellular matrix
38
Characteristics of connective tissue cells
Vary by CT and produce extracellular matrix
39
Components of connective tissue extracellular matrix
Protein fibers and ground substance
40
Types of connective tissue protein fibers in the EM
Collagen, elastic, and reticular
41
Ground substance of connective tissue EM consists of
Protein, carbohydrates, and water and can be solid, gelatinous or watery
42
Functions of connective tissue
Provide support for other structures, anchors muscles for movement, carries/stores nutrients, provides mechanical protection, and helps fight infection
43
Components of CT proper
Primary cells: fibroblasts, adipocytes, and some WBCs Fibers are collagen, elastic, and reticular Ground substance is viscous
44
Strongest fiber that resists tension for tissue strength (not compression)
Collagen
45
“Rubber-band like” fiber that retains shape
Elastic
46
Fiber that provides framework for organs
Reticular
47
Types of CT proper
Loose and dense CT proper
48
Difference between loose and dense CT proper
Dense CT has more protein fibers and less ground substance with fibers arranged more compactly
49
Types of loose CT proper
Areolar and adipose
50
Types of dense CT proper
Regular and irregular
51
Composition of areolar CT
Cells: fibroblasts, adipocytes, WBCs Fibers: collagen, elastic, and reticular
52
Function of areolar CT
Support and bind other tissues (underlie epithelia), retain interstitial fluids, and contains cells to fight infection
53
Location of areolar CT
Surrounds organs & capillaries, in superficial fascia under skin
54
Composition of adipose CT
Cells: adipocytes Fibers: collagen, elastic, and reticular
55
Function of adipose tissue
Stores fat reserves (as fat lobules), insulation, and support/protect organs
56
Location of adipose CT
In superficial fascia, abdomen, breast; surrounds eyes & kidneys
57
Composition of irregular CT
Cells: fibroblasts Fibers: collagen running in different planes to resist tension in different directions
58
Function of irregular CT
Resist tension in many directions
59
Location of irregular CT
Dermis of skin
60
Composition of regular CT
Cells: fibroblasts Fibers: parallel collagen
61
Function of regular CT
Connect muscle to bone; bone to bone, and withstand tensile stress in one direction
62
Location of regular CT
Muscle tendons, ligaments
63
Consists of epithelium and CT proper
Membranes
64
Types of membranes
Cutaneous membrane, mucous membrane, and serous membrane
65
Membrane that covers the body surface
Cutaneous membrane (skin)
66
Membrane that lines body cavities that are open to the exterior
Mucous membrane
67
Membrane that lines body cavities that are closed to the exterior
Serous membrane
68
Function of ground substance
To draw in water
69
How is stratified epithelium classified specifically
By shape of apical cells

Anatomy (29 decks)

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