5. The Skull

Question 1

Main types of bone markings

Answer 1

Articulating surfaces, depressions, projections, openings, and spaces

Question 2

Bone marking that is a large rounded projection that may be roughened

Answer 2

Tuberosity

Question 3

Bone marking that is a narrow ridge of bone, usually prominent

Answer 3

Crest

Question 4

Bone marking that is a very large, blunt irregularly shaped process

Answer 4

Trochanter

Question 5

Bone marking that is a narrow ridge of bone and less prominent than a crest

Answer 5

Line

Question 6

Bone marking that is a small rounded projection or process

Answer 6

Tubercle

Question 7

Bone marking that is a raised area on or above a condyle

Answer 7

Epicondyle

Question 8

Bone marking that is a sharp, slender, often pointed projection

Answer 8

Spine

Question 9

Bone marking that is any bony prominence

Answer 9

Process

Question 10

Bone marking that is the bony expansion carried on a narrow neck

Answer 10

Head

Question 11

Bone marking that is a smooth, nearly flat articular surface

Answer 11

Facet

Question 12

Bone marking that is a rounded articular projection and often articulated with a corresponding fossa

Answer 12

Condyle

Question 13

Bone marking that is a round or oval opening through a bone

Answer 13

Foramen

Question 14

Bone marking that is a furrow

Answer 14

Groove

Question 15

Bone marking that is a narrow, slitlike opening

Answer 15

Fissure

Question 16

Bone marking that is an indentation at the edge of a structure

Answer 16

Notch

Question 17

Bone marking that is a shallow basin like depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface

Answer 17

Fossa

Question 18

Bone marking that is a canal-like passageway

Answer 18

Meatus

Question 19

Bone marking that is a cavity within a bone, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane

Answer 19

Sinus

Question 20

Central axis of the body

Answer 20

Axial skeleton

Question 21

Axial skeleton consists of

Answer 21

Skull, hyoid, vertebral column, and thoracic cage

Question 22

Skeleton consisting of appendages and girdles

Answer 22

Appendicular skeleton

Question 23

Appendicular skeleton consists of

Answer 23

Pectoral girdle and upper extremity and pelvic girdle and lower extremity

Question 24

How many neurocranial bones are there?

Answer 24

8

Question 25

Which neurocranial bones are unpaired?

Answer 25

Frontal, occipital, sphenoid, and ethmoid

Question 26

Which neurocranial bones are paired?

Answer 26

Parietal and temporal

Question 27

Which facial bones are paired?

Answer 27

Maxilla, zygomatic, basal, lacrimal, palatine, and inferior nasal concha

Question 28

Which facial bones are unpaired

Answer 28

Mandible and vomer

Question 29

How many facial bones are there?

Answer 29

14

Question 30

Separate aspects of the temporal bone

Answer 30

Mastoid process, external acoustic meatus, styloid process, and mandibular fossa

Question 31

Separate aspects of the occipital bone

Answer 31

External occipital protuberance, occipital condyle, and foramen magnum

Question 32

Separate aspects of the sphenoid bone

Answer 32

Lesser wing, sella turcia, greater wing, pterygoid process, optic canal, and superior orbital fissure

Question 33

Mature sutures of the skull

Answer 33

Coronal suture, squamosal suture, lambdoid suture, sagittal suture

Question 34

Soft spots during cranial development where bones have not yet fused at birth

Answer 34

Fontanelles

Question 35

Function of fontanelles

Answer 35

Allows for more growth during childhood and flexibility during birth All closed by 1.5-2 yrs of age

Question 36

Aspects of the bony nasal septum, ethmoid and vomer

Answer 36

Lateral mass consisting of Christa galli and perpendicular plate

Question 37

Aspect proximal to the maxilla

Answer 37

Alveolar process

Question 38

Types of portions that the palate has

Answer 38

Hard and soft

Question 39

Hard palate characteristics

Answer 39

Palatine processes of maxilla and palatine bones

Question 40

Soft palate characteristics

Answer 40

Soft tissue behind hard palate

Question 41

Incomplete growth or fusion of bones during development

Answer 41

Cleft lip and palate

Question 42

What connects the zygomatic bone to the temporal bone?

Answer 42

Zygomatic arch

Question 43

What is the zygomatic arch composed of?

Answer 43

Composed of processes from temporal bone and zygomatic bone

Question 44

What does nasal and maxillary bones form?

Answer 44

Bridge of nose

Question 45

Where do tears from orbit drain?

Answer 45

Through nasolacrimal duct into the nasal cavity

Question 46

Spaces within cranial bones

Answer 46

Paranasal sinuses

Question 47

Types of paranasal sinuses

Answer 47

Frontal sinus, ethmoid air cells, maxillary sinus, and sphenoid sinus

Question 48

Parts of the mandible

Answer 48

Alveolar process and mental protuberance make up body Mandibular foramen, mandibular condyle and coronoid process make up ramus

Question 49

Mandibular fossa of temporal bone and mandibular condyle connect by a modified hinge joint

Answer 49

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

Question 50

Components/function of temporomandibular joint

Answer 50

Articular disc of fibrocartilage divides joint into superior and inferior compartments Function to open mouth completely by the hinge and glide forward

Question 51

Clinical problem when the mouth opens too wide causing the mandibular condyle to move anterior to the articular eminence, resulting in the mouth stuck open

Answer 51

TMJ Dislocation

Question 52

Name for depressions within the cranium

Answer 52

Cranial fossae

Question 53

Types of cranial fossae

Answer 53

Posterior cranial fossa, middle cranial fossa, and anterior cranial fossa

Question 54

Types of cranial foramina

Answer 54

Cribriform plate, optic canal, foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, foramen spinosum, foramen lacerum, internal acoustic meatus, jugular foramen, hypoglossal canal, and foramen magnum

Question 55

Three bones found in the middle ear cavity that conduct sound waves from the tympanic membrane (ear drum) to the inner ear (cochlea). Known as auditory ossicles

Answer 55

Malleus, incus, and stapes

Question 56

Pathway of sound in the ear

Answer 56

Pinna to external auditory canal (ear canal) to tympanic membrane (ear drum) to malleus, incus, and stapes to cochlea and finally to auditory nerve

Question 57

Hyoid

Answer 57

Serves as muscle attachment site for muscles above and below the neck Does not articulate with any other bone

Question 58

Parts of the hyoid

Answer 58

Greater horn, lesser horn, body