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Anatomy > 5. The Skull > Flashcards

5. The Skull Flashcards

1
Q

Main types of bone markings

A

Articulating surfaces, depressions, projections, openings, and spaces

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2
Q

Bone marking that is a large rounded projection that may be roughened

A

Tuberosity

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3
Q

Bone marking that is a narrow ridge of bone, usually prominent

A

Crest

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4
Q

Bone marking that is a very large, blunt irregularly shaped process

A

Trochanter

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5
Q

Bone marking that is a narrow ridge of bone and less prominent than a crest

A

Line

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6
Q

Bone marking that is a small rounded projection or process

A

Tubercle

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7
Q

Bone marking that is a raised area on or above a condyle

A

Epicondyle

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8
Q

Bone marking that is a sharp, slender, often pointed projection

A

Spine

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9
Q

Bone marking that is any bony prominence

A

Process

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10
Q

Bone marking that is the bony expansion carried on a narrow neck

A

Head

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11
Q

Bone marking that is a smooth, nearly flat articular surface

A

Facet

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12
Q

Bone marking that is a rounded articular projection and often articulated with a corresponding fossa

A

Condyle

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13
Q

Bone marking that is a round or oval opening through a bone

A

Foramen

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14
Q

Bone marking that is a furrow

A

Groove

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15
Q

Bone marking that is a narrow, slitlike opening

A

Fissure

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16
Q

Bone marking that is an indentation at the edge of a structure

A

Notch

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17
Q

Bone marking that is a shallow basin like depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface

A

Fossa

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18
Q

Bone marking that is a canal-like passageway

A

Meatus

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19
Q

Bone marking that is a cavity within a bone, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane

A

Sinus

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20
Q

Central axis of the body

A

Axial skeleton

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21
Q

Axial skeleton consists of

A

Skull, hyoid, vertebral column, and thoracic cage

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22
Q

Skeleton consisting of appendages and girdles

A

Appendicular skeleton

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23
Q

Appendicular skeleton consists of

A

Pectoral girdle and upper extremity and pelvic girdle and lower extremity

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24
Q

How many neurocranial bones are there?

A

8

25
Q

Which neurocranial bones are unpaired?

A

Frontal, occipital, sphenoid, and ethmoid

26
Q

Which neurocranial bones are paired?

A

Parietal and temporal

27
Q

Which facial bones are paired?

A

Maxilla, zygomatic, basal, lacrimal, palatine, and inferior nasal concha

28
Q

Which facial bones are unpaired

A

Mandible and vomer

29
Q

How many facial bones are there?

A

14

30
Q

Separate aspects of the temporal bone

A

Mastoid process, external acoustic meatus, styloid process, and mandibular fossa

31
Q

Separate aspects of the occipital bone

A

External occipital protuberance, occipital condyle, and foramen magnum

32
Q

Separate aspects of the sphenoid bone

A

Lesser wing, sella turcia, greater wing, pterygoid process, optic canal, and superior orbital fissure

33
Q

Mature sutures of the skull

A

Coronal suture, squamosal suture, lambdoid suture, sagittal suture

34
Q

Soft spots during cranial development where bones have not yet fused at birth

A

Fontanelles

35
Q

Function of fontanelles

A

Allows for more growth during childhood and flexibility during birth

All closed by 1.5-2 yrs of age

36
Q

Aspects of the bony nasal septum, ethmoid and vomer

A

Lateral mass consisting of Christa galli and perpendicular plate

37
Q

Aspect proximal to the maxilla

A

Alveolar process

38
Q

Types of portions that the palate has

A

Hard and soft

39
Q

Hard palate characteristics

A

Palatine processes of maxilla and palatine bones

40
Q

Soft palate characteristics

A

Soft tissue behind hard palate

41
Q

Incomplete growth or fusion of bones during development

A

Cleft lip and palate

42
Q

What connects the zygomatic bone to the temporal bone?

A

Zygomatic arch

43
Q

What is the zygomatic arch composed of?

A

Composed of processes from temporal bone and zygomatic bone

44
Q

What does nasal and maxillary bones form?

A

Bridge of nose

45
Q

Where do tears from orbit drain?

A

Through nasolacrimal duct into the nasal cavity

46
Q

Spaces within cranial bones

A

Paranasal sinuses

47
Q

Types of paranasal sinuses

A

Frontal sinus, ethmoid air cells, maxillary sinus, and sphenoid sinus

48
Q

Parts of the mandible

A

Alveolar process and mental protuberance make up body

Mandibular foramen, mandibular condyle and coronoid process make up ramus

49
Q

Mandibular fossa of temporal bone and mandibular condyle connect by a modified hinge joint

A

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

50
Q

Components/function of temporomandibular joint

A

Articular disc of fibrocartilage divides joint into superior and inferior compartments

Function to open mouth completely by the hinge and glide forward

51
Q

Clinical problem when the mouth opens too wide causing the mandibular condyle to move anterior to the articular eminence, resulting in the mouth stuck open

A

TMJ Dislocation

52
Q

Name for depressions within the cranium

A

Cranial fossae

53
Q

Types of cranial fossae

A

Posterior cranial fossa, middle cranial fossa, and anterior cranial fossa

54
Q

Types of cranial foramina

A

Cribriform plate, optic canal, foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, foramen spinosum, foramen lacerum, internal acoustic meatus, jugular foramen, hypoglossal canal, and foramen magnum

55
Q

Three bones found in the middle ear cavity that conduct sound waves from the tympanic membrane (ear drum) to the inner ear (cochlea). Known as auditory ossicles

A

Malleus, incus, and stapes

56
Q

Pathway of sound in the ear

A

Pinna to external auditory canal (ear canal) to tympanic membrane (ear drum) to malleus, incus, and stapes to cochlea and finally to auditory nerve

57
Q

Hyoid

A

Serves as muscle attachment site for muscles above and below the neck

Does not articulate with any other bone

58
Q

Parts of the hyoid

A

Greater horn, lesser horn, body

Anatomy (29 decks)

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