2016 module exam Flashcards
(111 cards)
1
Q
What is described as a solid bilateral tumor composed of signet-ring cells?
A
Krukenberg tumor
2
Q
What characterizes the vas deferans?
A) Wide lumen
B) Thick wall
C) 3 Muscular layers
A
C) 3 Muscular layers
3
Q
what is the best prognostic factor for breast cancer?
a. tumor size
b. tumor grade
c. histologic subtype
d. lymph node metastasis
e. hormone receptor response
A
d.lymph node metastasis
4
Q
Serous endometrial carcinoma?
A
TP53
5
Q
What is the reason for O2 transport from mother to fetus despite the small gradient?
A
Movement of oxygen dissociation curve to the left
6
Q
acanthosis nigricans feautures whats diagnosis?
A
PCOS
7
Q
Pulmonary embolism associated with?
A
Antiphospholipids Ab
8
Q
DRE to 28 yr old married female with something felt in Rectouterine pouch?
a. Ovary
b. fallopian tube
c. retroverted uterus
A
c.retroverted uterus
9
Q
Antisperm antibody detected by?
A
Immunoflorouscence
10
Q
mechanism cellular damage if recurrent spontaneous miscarriage?
A
Troohoblast apoptosis
11
Q
bengin prostatic hyperplasia which lobe?
A
Median
12
Q
prostate cancer which zone?
A
Peripheral
13
Q
50/60 year old man came with urinary symptoms. Pathology showed loss of distinction between right and left lobes.
a. hyperplasia of glands and stroma
b. prostatic carcinoma
A
b.prostatic carcinoma
14
Q
A 60 year old man presents with painless hematurea and low back pain. On rectal examination a hard mass (there was a different discription) was detected. What is more likely found in his biopsy? (prostate cancer scenario)
a. Single layer of glands
b. double layers of glands
c. glandular and stromal hyperplasia
A
a.Single layer of glands
15
Q
What differetiates leiomyoma from leiosacromyoma?
a. Cellularity
b. Loss of basement membrane
c. Loss of maturation
d. Mitotic activity
A
?
16
Q
Risk factor for developing endometrial carcinoma
A- BMI =32 (obesity)
B- Smoking for 10 years
A
A- BMI =32 (obesity)
17
Q
In endometrial hyperplasia without atypia, what’s the risk of carcinoma?
a. 0%
b. 1-3%
c. 25-48%
d. > 50%
A
b. 1-3%
18
Q
Testicular mass poorly differentiated lobules with delicate septa and uniform cells?
A
Seminoma
19
Q
Alpha fetoprotein is a marker of which of the following?
A
yolk sac tumor
20
Q
3 y.o. Boy with testicular tumor and elevated alpha feto protein, what does the tumor show?
A
Schiller-duval bodies
21
Q
Ovarian cyst with brown tarr colored fluid?
A
Endometrioid cyst
22
Q
Ovarian mass with hyperplasia of endometriaum?
A
Granulosa cell tumor
23
Q
Solid malignant cells around solid necrosis in bresast?
A
DCIS
24
Q
A female presented with bloody nipple discharge, no palpable mass no tenderness, unilateral, dilated ducts. Whats the dx?
A
intraduct papilloma
25
Cause of hypospadias?
A. Abnormal development of anterior abdominal wall
B. Enlarged genitalia tubercle
C. Failure to fusion of urethral folds
C. Failure to fusion of urethral folds*
26
What is the first investigation choice in 50 years old female presenting with breast mass?
```
A. mammography
B. US breast
C. MRI
D. FNA
E. core biopsy
```
A. mammography
27
Which phase of mestrual cycle is characterised by coiled glands in the endometrium ?
A. Menstrual phase
B. Follicular phase
C. Proliferative phase
D. Secretory phase
D. Secretory phase
28
LN metastasis landmark?
Pectoralis Minor
29
LN in breast drain mostly in?
Central axillary
30
The most direct route of breast cancer metastasis to vertebral column?
Intercostal veins
31
Med student asked by doctor to ligate medial arterial supply to medial breast, branches of which artery?
Internal Thoracic artery
32
Granulosa cells secrete?
Estrogen
33
Tumor marker AMH?
a. Granulosa cell tumor
b. thecoma
a.Granulosa cell tumor
34
Blood volume increase faster than RBC formation?
Physiological Anemia
35
29 how many days after ovulation in a normal pregnancy can you detect serum HCG?
1. 6-8
2. 8-10
3. 10-12
1. 6-8
36
diabetogenic hormone?
HPL
37
Progesterone effects on breathing?
a. Increases minute volume and tidal volume
b. Increase set point for respiration by CO2
a.Increases minute volume and tidal volume
38
What increases formation of Corticosteroids binding globulin?
Estradiol
39
phocomelia?
Thalidomide
40
What drug causes damage in growing cartilage?
Quinolone
41
What does transversalis fascia give rise to?
A. Cremasteric fascia
B. Internal spermatic fascia
C. External spermatic fascia
B. Internal spermatic fascia
42
what closes to form penile urethra?
Urethral folds
43
5a reductase damage malformation of?
Penis
44
Paramesonephric ducts failed to fuse severely?
a. Didelphys
b. bicorneus
a.Didelphys
45
why causes ovary to be posterior to broad ligament?
a. Inferomedial movement of paramesnophric duct
b. Caudo-medial movement of the gubernaculum
a.Inferomedial movement of paramesnophric duct
46
Uterus, cervix, upper vagina develop from?
a. Paramesonephric ducts
b. Sinovaginal bulb
a.Paramesonephric ducts
47
Which tumor marker is commonly elevated in patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma?
```
A) CEA
B) Ca19-9
C) AFP
D) LDH
E) Ca125
```
E) Ca125
48
What is true about ovarian cancer arrising from the celomic epithelium?
a. Elevated CEA
b. It is usually asymptomatic
c. Can be detected early
d. It usually affects young women
b.It is usually asymptomatic
49
51 year old woman did not get her period for 13 months. She presents to the clinic with vaginal bleeding. What is this called?
a. Postmenopausal bleeding
b. Perimenopausal bleeding
a.Postmenopausal bleeding
50
44. Endometriosis is the presence of glands and stroma outside the endometrium. Their presence in which of the following describes the “stem cell theory/hypothesis”?
a. Ovary
b. Uterine ligaments
c. Abdominal wall
d. Thigh
d.Thigh* (not sure)
51
Semiconservative way to assess menstrual cycle?
Menstrual Pectogram
52
A woman with 21 days cycle, on which day does she ovulate?
7
53
Age of precocious puberty in female and male?
(female) (male)
a. 8 9
b. 9 8
c. 16 14
d. 12.5 12.5
a. 8 9
54
Female 46 xx presented with ambiguous external genetalia and increased acth, this is due to deficiency in which enzyme?
a. 21-alpha hydroxylase
b. 3-beta estrohydrogenase (not sure)
c. 5 alpha reductase
a.21-alpha hydroxylase
55
In which anatomical site does capacitation of the spermatozoa occur?
A. seminal vesicle
B. epididymis
C. ureter
D. female reproductive system
D. female reproductive system
56
in complete mole 69XXY happen because of ?
Failure of cortical reaction
57
Complete mole happen because of?
a. Fertilization of empty oocyte
b. presence of fetal tissue
a.Fertilization of empty oocyte
58
Which oogenesis stage is arrest of oogenesis before fertilization?
```
A) Prophase |
B) metaphase |
C) anaphase |
D) Prophase ||
E) Metaphase ||
```
E) Metaphase ||
59
oogenesis arrest after giving 2nd polar body?
Telophase 2
60
This time varies in males and duration increases with age
a. refractory
b. resolution
c. plateau
a.refractory*
61
Which of the following is the function of effector BRCA2 ?
1- DNA resection
2- homologous recombination
3- recruitment of DNA to site
4- S checkpoint
2- homologous recombination
62
leptin resistance in pregnancy?
a. High solube receptors of leptin
b. Increased placental leptin resistance /receptor
a.High solube receptors of leptin
63
the fetal head on the left lumbar and the buttocks of the right lumbar
a. cephalic presention
b. oblique lie
c. transverse lie
c.transverse lie
64
which of the following maternal pelvic diameters explain slow labor (something like that)?
```
A. transverse pelvic outlet diameter = 11
B. transverse pelvic inlet diameter= 11
C. transverse diameter of the cavity = 12
D. anterior posterior diameter of the pelvic inlet= 11
E. anterior posterior diameter of the outlet = 13
```
B. transverse pelvic inlet diameter= 11
65
what is the main hormone that mediates uterus involution?
Oxytocin
66
The distance between which structures represents diagonal conjucate of the pelvis?
A) inferior pubic ligament & sacral promontory
B) superior border of pubic symphysis and sacral promontory
C) between ishcial spines
D) pubic symphysis and coccyx
A) inferior pubic ligament & sacral promontory
67
which of the following conditions of the mother caused by a candida infection of the infant?
a. Mastitis
b. Cracked nipple
c. Engorgement
a.Mastitis
68
20 yr/o female had uncomplicated pregnancy, vaginal delivery at term. Breastfed the infant. Six wks later developed painful/swollen breast. On examination, a 3cm mass was found in the left breast, w/ painful fissures below the nipple. What is the likely pathology?
```
A. intraductal carcinoma
B. galactocele
C. pyogenic abscess
D. fat necrosis
E. sclerosing adenosis
```
C. pyogenic abscess
69
25 yo female with a menstrual cycle occuring every 50-60 days, what term best describes her condition?
a. primary amenorrhea
b. secondary amenorrhea
c. hypomenorrhea
d. oligomenorrhea
e. cryptomenorrhea
d. oligomenorrhea
70
Maternal condition can cause caudal regression in a fetus?
A. Diabetes Mellitus
B. Syphilis
C. SLE
A. Diabetes Mellitus
71
A 40 year old pregnant woman with gestational age of 10 weeks. she’s had 5 C-sections before between 37-42 weeks. one baby was born dead due to congenital malformations. she’s had 2 miscarriages and 1 ectopic pregnancy. what is her parity code
a. G8 P4+ 0 + 4 + 4
b. G8 P5+ 0 + 3 + 4
c. G9 P4 + 1 + 3 + 4
d. G9 P5 + 0 + 3 + 4
e. G9 P4 + 0 + 4 + 4
d.G9 P5 + 0 + 3 + 4
72
what type of HPV is almost always associated with adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix?
a. HPV 6
b. HPV 11
c. HPV 16
d. HPV 18
d. HPV 18
73
26 year old female with painless, mobile, well-circumscribed breast mass. Histology shows proliferation of stroma and glands and slit-like spaces.
A. Fibroadenoma
B. Fibrocystic change
C. Galactocele
A. Fibroadenoma
74
What is the length of a normal menstrual cycle in days?
A. 15-21
B. 21-35
C. 28-35
D. 30-42
B. 21-35
75
First option of treatment for AUB in 40 years old female?
a. non hormonal therapy
b. simple hysterectomy
c. hormonal therapy
d. endometrial ablation
a.non hormonal therapy
76
The persistence of which of the following structures causes an encysted hydrocele of the spermatic cord?
A.tunica vaginalis
B.tunica albuginea
C.processus vaginalis
C.processus vaginalis
77
The persistence of which of the following structures causes hydrocele of the testis?
A.tunica vaginalis
B.tunica albuginea
C.processus vaginalis
A.tunica vaginalis
78
What structure is mainly supplied by internal pudendal artery?
a. tetstis
b. penis
c. vas deferens
b.penis
79
What the the anatomical landmark of lymph nodes in mastectomy
a. pec minor
b. pec major
a.pec minor
80
In the lymphatic drainage of the breast lymph nodes, where do most (75%) of lymph drain into?
?
81
what is associated with gestational diabetes ?
A) decreased amniotic fluid
B) decreased fetal wight
C) increased risk of hypotension
D) increased future risk of diabetes type-2
?
82
a pregnant women is exposed to endocrine distruption that inhibits 5 alpha reductase. The development of which organ may be affected in the fetu?
```
A. ovary
B. penis
C. testis
D. uterus
E. vagina
```
B. penis
83
During examination of a male neonate , the doctor observed an undescended testis held in its normal path of descent , what could that site be ?
a) femoral
b) perineal
c) perepenile
d) suprascrotal
d) suprascrotal
84
Pregnant women her LMP 20/2/202. First trimester ends at?
a. 20/5/2020
b. 17/5/2020
c. 20/4/2020
d. 13/5/2020
a. 20/5/2020
85
Mass in breast with dilated ducts and malignant cells with central necrosis
a. ductal carcinoma in situ
b. medullary carcinoma
a. ductal carcinoma in situ
86
Which of the following may cause recurrent early pregnancy loss in a case of brown-black, poorly defined, velvety hyper pigmented skin, usually in folded skin?
a. Anti phospholipid syndrome
b. Polycystic ovarian syndrome
c. Hypothyroidism
d. Uterine adhesions
e. Pelvic inflammatory disease
b. Polycystic ovarian syndrome
87
Which type of pelvis is the most suited for vaginal delivery?
A. gynecoid
B. android
C. platypelloid
D. anthropoid
A. gynecoid
88
Which of the following occur during embryological development of genital tract?
a. fallopian tube derived from mullerian duct
b. recognition of external genitalia at 6th week
c. upper 1/3 of vagina developed from cloca
d. wolfian duct degenerate in presence of Y chromosome
a. fallopian tube derived from mullerian duct
89
what is the imaging modality in an Abnormal uterine bleeding case ?
Transvaginal US
90
A young female had breast cancer and she was positive for BRCA1 mutatio, what would you most likely find in her receptors?
A) ER:+ PR:+ Her2:-
B) ER:- PR:- Her2:+
C) triple negative
C) triple negative
91
what is important for the descent testis?
Insulin 3
92
Which of these is a cause of early menopause?
A. Poorly controlled type II diabetes
B. Smoking 20 cigarettes for 10 years
C. Simple hysterectomy at age 49
D. Poorly controlled hypertension E. Ovarian cystectomy at age 30
B. Smoking 20 cigarettes for 10 years
93
A young boy got injured from falling off his bicycle. He noticed a swelling in his scrotum and penis. Which part was effected?
a. Urinary bladder
b. Subbladder urethra
c. Prostatic urethra
d. Spongy urethra
d.Spongy urethra
94
Th1 causing recurrent miscarriage?
a. Activation of immune suppression cells
b. Anti-phospholipids antibodies
c. Anti-trophoblast antibidies
d. Trophoblast apoptosis
d.Trophoblast apoptosis
95
a 30 y/o presents for antenatal care at 32 weeks of gestation. abdominal examination reveals that the funds is 28 cm above the pubic symphsis. what beat describes the clinical evaluation of uterine size?
a. small for gestational age
b. appropriate for gestational age
c. large for gestational age
d. should be measured in centimeters above umbilicus
e. should be measured in centimeters below xiphisternum
b. appropriate for gestational age (Not sure)
96
a 25 y/o woman planning to get married. she was diagnosed with lymphoma and received several courses of chemotherapy few years ago. she wonders if she can get pregnant with ovulation induction. which test can predict the potential for ovulation?
a. AMH
b. Mid-luteal phase progesterone
c. estradiol
d. Mid-cyclic LH
e. GnRH
?
97
What is a progestin antagonist that can be used to induce abortion during 1st trimester of pregnancy?
a. gossypol
b. mestranol
c. levonorgestrel
d. clomiphene
e. mifepristone
e. mifepristone
98
muscle in the deep perineal pouch?
A external urethral
B bubospongiosus muscle
C ischiocavernousus
A external urethral
99
What causes inadequate milk secretion?
a. Prolonged neonatal ventilation
b. Manual removal of placenta
c. Operative vaginal delivery
d. Removal of a 2*2 fibroadenoma last year
e. manual removal of placenta
a.Prolonged neonatal ventilation
100
What is the cytopathic effect of HPV in squamous cell carcinoma?
a. presence of koilocytes
b. Increases mitotic activity
a.presence of koilocytes
101
)which hormone increase in the first trimester?
A-hCG
B-FSH
C-Aldosterone
A-hCG
102
17 year old female with primary amenorrhea. She was given Progestin and after it was stopped there was no vaginal bleeding. What does this rule out?
a. PCOS
b. Imperforate hymen
c. Vaginal septum thingie
d. Mullerian agenesis
a.PCOS
103
Question about semi-objective assessment of bleeding
a. number of pads
b. pictoral chart
a.number of pads
104
question about Ovary metastasis = para-aortic
-
105
A 25 year old woman is planning to get married, she was diagnosed with lymphoma and was treated with several sessions of chemotherapy a few years ago. She was wondering if she could have induced ovulation.
Which of these estimates the ability to ovulate?
A. Mid-luteal progesterone
B. Mid-cycle LH
C. GnRH
D. Estradiol
?
106
Peripheral hard nodular mass =prostatic carcinoma
-
107
How can anti sperm antibodies cause infertility?
Check immunology note
108
Stroma, gland, chocolate/hemosidren= endometroid cyst
-
109
Prostate metastasis to lymph nodes = Para aortic
-
110
Unexplained recurrent miscarriages without clear cause/ relevant condition
Anti-phospholipids Abs
111
a question about muscle injury during episiotomy
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