2.1.3 identification and taxonomy Flashcards
how can identification of an organism in a sample be made
- classification guides
- biological analysis
- analysis of DNA or protein
how can organisms be classified
taxonomy and phylogenetics
what does taxonomy involve
identification and naming of organisms and their classification into groups based on shared characteristics
what is classic taxonomy classification based on
morphology
what is phylogenetics
the study of evolutionary history and relationships among individuals or groups of organisms
how does phylogenetics work
using heritable traits like morphology, DNA sequences, and protein strucutre to make inferences about an organisms evolutionary history and create a phylogeny
what is a phylogeny
a phylogenetic tree, which is a diagrammatic hypothesis of its relationships to other organisms
what can genetic evidence reveal
relatedness obscured by divergent or convergent evolution
what does familiarity with taxonomic groupings allow
predictions and inferences to be made about the biology of an organism from better known model organisms
what are examples of taxonomic groups
nematodes
arthropods
chordates
what are model organisms
those are either easily studied or have been well studied
what are examples of model organisms
mice rates
fruit flies
zebrafish
information obtained from model species can be applied to…
other species that are more difficult to study directly
what can genetice evidence reveal
relatedness obscured by divergent or convergent evolution
what are arthropods
invertebrate animals like spiders, insects and crustaceans
