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Board Associations > Micro/Immuno > Flashcards

Micro/Immuno Flashcards

1
Q

polymyositis hypersensitivity

A

type IV

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2
Q

infectious RNA type

A

+SSRNA

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3
Q

asplenia susceptability

A

encapsulated organisms

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4
Q

MUCOR association

A

diabetic ketoacidosis(forms black pus)

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5
Q

koplik spots(grey specs on buccal mucosa)

A

rubeola(paramyxovirus)

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6
Q

scleroderma antibodies

A

anti-topoisomerase(Scl-70)&anti centromere(CREST)

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7
Q

india ink stain

A

cryptococcus neoformans

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8
Q

legionella tests

A

silver stain, buffered charcoal yeast(iron/cysteine)

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9
Q

NADPH oxidase deficiency susceptability

A

catalase+(Pseudomonas, Listeria, aspergillus, candida, staph, ecoli)

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10
Q

protein A function

A

bind Fc region of Ig(s. aureus)

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11
Q

shiga(or shiga-like) toxin MOA

A

inhibit 60s ribosome(remove adenine from rRNA)

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12
Q

rheumatic fever criteria

A

j<3nes (joint arthritis, carditis, subQ nodules, erythema marginatum, sydenham chorea)

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13
Q

CAMP factor

A

strep agalactae(promote s aureus growth)

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14
Q

EF2 toxin

A

diptheria toxin, pseudomonas exotoxin A

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15
Q

clostridium toxins

A

tetani-block GABA release, botulinum-block Ach release, perfrigens-lecithinase like phospholipase C, difficile-A binds brush border, B destroys enterocytes

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16
Q

bacillus anthracis capsule

A

polypeptide- d glutamate

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17
Q

tumbling motility&Tx

A

listeria(actin rockets), ampicillin(neonates/immunoC)

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18
Q

sulfur granules&Tx

A

actinomyces-penicillin

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19
Q

mid-lung Ghon/hilar nodes, virulence factor

A

primary TB, cord factor(inhibit M0 maturation)

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20
Q

secondary TB&extrapulmonary sites

A

upper lung caseous granuloma, Potts-vertebrae, CNS, renal, GI, lymph

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21
Q

lepromatous vs tuberculoid

A

L-diffuse, TH2 mediated, T-few plaques, TH1 resonse

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22
Q

pink on McConkey

A

lactose fermenter(main bugs-Klebsiella/Ecoli)

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23
Q

gonorrhea/meningitidis sequelae

A

fitz-hugh-curtis(liver adhesions), waterhouse-friedrichson

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24
Q

cherry red epiglottis bug/growth media/capsule type

A

Hib- chocolate- X(heme) and V(NAD+), polyribosylribitol

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25
Q

sorbitol non-fermenting Ecoli

A

EHEC(0157-H7)

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26
Q

abdominal rose spots

A

salmonella typhi(gall bladder carrier)

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27
Q

campylobacter growth/associations

A

42C, comma shape oxidase+, Guillain Barre

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28
Q

salmonella vs shigella

A

salmon-flagella&H2S+, shigella-intracellular

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29
Q

flu, jaundice, photophobia, conjunctivitis

A

Leptospira(weil disease=same+azotemia/hemorrhage)

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30
Q

Lyme vector & stages

A

ixodes tick, 1-bullseye rash 2-AV block/facial nerve palsy 3-arthritis/encephalopathy

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31
Q

painless chancre+test

A

primary syphillis(VDRL)

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32
Q

rash on palms& soles, condyloma lata(genital/anal warts)

A

secondary syphillis

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33
Q

tertiary syphillis symptoms

A

gummas, argyll robertson pupil, tabes dorsalis, aortitis

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34
Q

flea diseases

A

Rickettsia typhi, Yersinia pestis(plaugue via rats)

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35
Q

louse diseases

A

rickettsia prowaseckii(typhus), borrelia recurrentis

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36
Q

strawberry tongue/face sparing rash

A

scarlet fever

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37
Q

gardnerella discharge

A

gray, fishy, clue cells

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38
Q

mycoplasma cell, growth& location,

A

no wall, sterol membrane, eatons agar, prison/military

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39
Q

chlamydia trachomatis serotypes

A

A-C=Chonic African Blindness, D-K=typical STD+neonatal disease, L-lympogranuloma venerum

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40
Q

chlamydia infection/growth/cell wall

A

Elementary(enter), reticular(replicate), Giemsa stain or fluorescent AB, wall has no muramic acid

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41
Q

palm&sole rashes

A

CARS(coxsackie A, RMSF, 2Syphillis)

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42
Q

cytoplasmic morula diseases&vectors

A

granulocyte=anaplasma, monocyte=erlichia, ticks

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43
Q

animal placenta disease

A

coxiella burnetti(Q fever)-pneumonia

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44
Q

Typhus causes/disease

A

endemic-rickettsia typhi(flea), epidemic-R. prowazekii (louse), Trunkal rash that spreads spares palms/soles

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45
Q

general mycosis disease/Tx

A

pneumonia, fluconazole=local, amphotericin B systemic

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46
Q

specific mycosis findings

A

histoplasma-hides(in M0), blastomyces-broad based budding(granulomatous), coccidio-crowds(endospores), paracoccidio-captains wheel around RBC

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47
Q

Spaghetti& meatball KOH prep

A

tinea versicolor(malessezia furfur)-hypopigment

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48
Q

ringworm(tinea) organisms

A

microsporum, trichophyton, epidermophyton

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49
Q

Fungal branching differences&diseases

A

45/acute=aspergillus(lung granuloma), wide angle=mucor (black from nose then brain-diabetics)

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50
Q

cryptococcus neoformans tests/pathology

A

india ink stain/latex agglutination test, meningitis/soap bubble brain lesions

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51
Q

opportunistic fungi

A

candida, aspergillus, cryptococcus, mucor, pneumo jirovecii, sporothrix schenkii

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52
Q

ascending lymph swelling disease/cause

A

sporothrix schenkii, rose gardner (1st local ulcer/pustule)

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53
Q

disc-shaped yeast w/ diffuse interstitial pneumonia

A

pneumocystis jirovecii

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54
Q

foul smelling, fatty diarrhea bug/findings

A

giardia, trophozoites/cysts in stool(protozoa)

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55
Q

entamoeba histolytica findings/diagnosis

A

bloody diarrhea/liver abscess(anchovy paste exudate), plasma trophozoites/stool cysts(look like eyes)

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56
Q

acid fast trophozoite cysts disease

A

cryptosporidium(mild diarrhea/severe in AIDS)

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57
Q

brain abscess ring-enhancing lesions disease/cause

A

toxoplasma, cat feces cysts

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58
Q

naegleria disease/source

A

rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis, freshwater lakes amoebas enter through cribiform plate

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59
Q

tsetse fly disease/diagnosis

A

trypansoma-african sleeping sickness/recurrent fever, blood smear

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60
Q

maltese cross/ring form disease/vector

A

babesia, fever/hemolytic anemia, ixodes tick

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61
Q

malaria transmision/diagnosis

A

mosquito(anopheles), trophozoite ring form blood smear

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62
Q

malaria types/differences

A

plasmosium. vivax/ovale=48hr cycle, malariae=72hr cycle, falciparum=severe w/irregular fevers, kidney/lung/brain.

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63
Q

kissing bug disease

A

chagas disease trypansoma cruzi(dilated CMO/colon)

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64
Q

green vaginal discharge disease

A

trichomonas(trophozoites)

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65
Q

leischmaniasis disease/vector/diagnosis

A

fever/hepatosplenomegaly, sandfly, M0 w/amastigotes

66
Q

roundworm, tapeworm/fluke Tx

A

bendazoles/pyrantel pamoate. praziquantel

67
Q

pig/fish/dog worms

A

taenia solium(GI), diphyllobothrium(B12 deficiency), echinococcus(liver casts)

68
Q

fluke transmissions

A

schistosoma-snails(liver/spleen granulomas, bladder CA), chonorchis-fish(gallstones), paragonimus-crab(lung)

69
Q

live attenuated vaccines

A

sabins, yellow fever, smallpox, chickepox, MMR, nasal flu

70
Q

recombinant vaccines

A

HPV, HBV

71
Q

only ssDNA virus

A

parvovirus(part-of-a virus)-B19

72
Q

non-linear DNA viruses& examples

A

papilloma, polyoma(JC/BK-junk cerebellum bad kidney), hepadna(HBV)

73
Q

only dsRNA virus

A

reovirus(rotavirus=common diarrhea villous destruction)

74
Q

only virus not replicating in host nucleus&examples

A

pox(carries own RNA polymerase) smallpox, molluscum, cowpox

75
Q

DNA virus pneumonic

A

HHAPPPPy(Herpes, hepadna, adeno, parvo, papilloma, polyoma, pox)

76
Q

Herpesvirus strains

A

HSV(1 oral 2 genital), VZV, EBV, CMV, roseola-HHV6/7, HHV8-kaposi

77
Q

pink eye cause

A

adenovirus(also pharyngitis/pneumonia)

78
Q

negative stranded viruses

A

(always bring polymerase or fail replication) arena, bunya, paramyxo, orthomyxo, filo(ebola), rhabdo(rabies)

79
Q

picornavirus diseases

A

PERCH-polio, echo(meningitis), rhino(common cold), coxsackie, HAV

80
Q

paramyxoviruses&virulence

A

PRM-parainfluenza(croup), RSV, measles&mumps. fusion protein=multinucleated respiratory epithelium)

81
Q

flavivirus examples(flavi=yellow)

A

yellow fever(Aedes mosquito), dengue, stl encephalitis, west nile, HCV

82
Q

togaviruses

A

Rubella, equine encephalitis’

83
Q

segmented viruses

A

BOAR(bunya, orthomyxo, arena, reo)

84
Q

EBV vs CMV &associations

A

CMV-owl’s eye, negative monospot. EBV-heterophile AB, burkitts, hodgkins, nasopharyngeal CA

85
Q

Tzanck test(opened vesicle)

A

finds giant cells=Herpes(also PCR, cowdry A inclusions)

86
Q

measles pathology

A

koplik spots(white mouth lesions) then descending rash

87
Q

bullet shaped virus

A

rabies, Negri bodies-cerebellum purkinje cells

88
Q

Hep B signs of chronic infection, immunity, transmission

A

IgM=acute, IgG=chronic, antiHBs=immune, antiHBe=low transmission, HBeAg-high transmission, HBsAg-active infx

89
Q

prion forms

A

PrPc=normal protein, PrPsc=beta sheets can’t degrade

90
Q

HIV/AIDS tests

A

ELISA then western blot, CD4<200=AIDS, viral load

91
Q

HIV structural genes

A

env(gp41=fusion/entry, gp120=attach), gag(capsid), pol(reverse transcriptase, aspartate protease, integrase)

92
Q

HIV immune mutation

A

CCR5(virus binds CCR5-early, CXCR4-late in Tcells, and CD4 &CCR5 in M0)

93
Q

HIV disease w/CD4 <200

A

pneumocystis jirovecii, JC, cryptosporidium

94
Q

HIV disease w/CD4 <100

A

histoplasma, esophageal candida, toxoplasma,

95
Q

HIV disease w/CD4<50

A

mycobacterium avium-intracellulare, CMV, cryptococcus

96
Q

most common mimicking appendicitis

A

yersinia enterocolitica(salmonella/campy can)

97
Q

congenital infections mother to fetus

A

toxoplasma, rubella(PDA, cataracts, deaf), CMV(seizures, blueberry muffin rash), HIV, HSV2, syphilis(stillbirth or facial abnormalities, saber shins, CN VIII deafness

98
Q

head-toe rash preceded by conjunctivitis, coryza, cough

A

Measles(also buccal koplik spots)

99
Q

palms&soles rash+oral ulcers

A

coxsackie A(hand foot mouth)

100
Q

trunk to face/extremity rash-different stage lesions

A

VZV(chicken pox)

101
Q

several days of fever then body rash

A

HHV6(Rubeola-can cause seizures)

102
Q

fever, rash, sore throat

A

strep pyogenes(scarlet fever)

103
Q

head-toe rash w/ postauricular lymphadenopathy

A

rubella

104
Q

facial rash only

A

parvo B19(slap cheek)

105
Q

sulfur granules

A

actinomyces(oral, branching rods)

106
Q

PAS stain+

A

tropheryma whipplei

107
Q

thymus selection sites

A

positive(MHC restriction)-cortex, negative(self)-medulla

108
Q

HLA-A3

A

hemochromatosis

109
Q

HLA-B27

A

PAIR(Psoriasis, ankylosing spondylitis, IBD, Reiters)

110
Q

HLA-DQ2/8

A

celiac disease

111
Q

HLA-DR2

A

MS, SLE, goodpastures, hay fever

112
Q

HLA-DR3

A

T1DM, Graves

113
Q

HLA-DR4

A

RA, T1DM

114
Q

HLA-DR5

A

B12 deficiency, Hashimoto’s

115
Q

B7/CD28 function

A

costimulatory signal(activate Th cells along w/MHC-TCR)

116
Q

B cell activation

A

CD40-ligand &MHCII-TCR

117
Q

IL1-5 functions

A

Hot TBonestEAk(1-fever/inflammation, 2-activate T cells, 3-bone marrow growth/differentiation, 4-IgE/Th2-inhibit Th1/B cell growth, 5-IgA/B cell differentiation/eosinophils

118
Q

Th1/Th2 secretions

A

IFN-gamma, IL4,5,10,13

119
Q

Regulatory Tcell markers/function

A

CD3,4,25, anti-inflammatory release IL10/TGF-beta

120
Q

IgM characteristics

A

Immediate response, pentamer, on B cells

121
Q

specific complement functions-C3b,3a,5a,5b-9

A

3b-opsonize(bind bacteria), 3a5a-anaphylaxis, 5a-neutrophil chemotaxis, 5b-9-MAC cytolysis

122
Q

C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency

A

hereditary angioedema(NO ACE inhibitors)

123
Q

C3 deficiency

A

recurrent sinus/respiratory infections, T3HS reactions

124
Q

C5-9 deficiency

A

neisseria infections

125
Q

DAF deficiency

A

lysis of RBCs&paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

126
Q

IL-6, 8, 12

A

6-fever/acute phase proteins, 8-neutrophil chemotaxis, 12-activates NK cells, differentiate into Th1

127
Q

immune response modulators

A

IL-10(inhibits activated T/Th1), TGF-beta

128
Q

interferon functions

A

antiviral(alpha/beta- degrade viral mRNA, gamma-activate MHC/APC-M0/Th1

129
Q

M0 cell markers

A

CD14(LPS activates), 40

130
Q

Bugs needing preformed AB Tx

A

Tetanus/botulinum toxin, HBV, Rabies

131
Q

Type II HS reactions

A

AI hemolytic anemia, ITP, acute transfusion rxn, rheumatic fever, Goodpastures, bullous pemphigoid, pemphigus vulgaris, erythroblastosis fetalis, pernicious anemia

132
Q

Type III HS reactions

A

SLE, polyarteritis nodosa, Post-strep glomerulonephritis, serum sickness, arthrus reaction

133
Q

Type IV HS reaction

A

MS, Guillain Barre, graft vs host, PPD, contact dermatitis

134
Q

SLE antibodies

A

smith/dsDNA, ANA(histone=drug induced lupus)

135
Q

scleroderma antibodies

A

Scl-70(DNA topoisomerase I), centromere

136
Q

anti-Jo1, SRP, mi-2, CK-MM

A

dermato/polymyositis

137
Q

Anti SSA/B(Ro/La)

A

Sjogrens syndrome

138
Q

p-ANCA

A

Churg-Strauss/microscopic polyangiitis

139
Q

anti-mitochondrial antibodies

A

primary biliary cirrhosis

140
Q

anti smooth muscle antibodies

A

autoimmune hepatitis

141
Q

anti-endomysial/tissue transglutamase

A

celiac disease

142
Q

anti-basement membrane antibodies

A

goodpastures disease

143
Q

anti-U1 RNP

A

mixed connective tissue disease

144
Q

x-linked agammaglobulinemia(Brutons)

A

BTK defect-no B cell maturation-recurrent bacterial infections after 6mo(opsonization defect)

145
Q

selective IgA deficiency

A

asymptommatic or mucosal infections, blood product anaphylaxis. normal Ig besides low IgA, false+ b-HCG

146
Q

tetany, recurrent viral/fungal infections, heart/great vessel defects, low Ca/PTH/T cells

A

DiGeorge(22q11 deletion) failure to develop 3rd/4th pharyngeal pouches

147
Q

coarse facies, staph abscesses, retained primary teeth, high IgE, eczema

A

Hyper-IgE(Jobs syndrome) Th1 cells fail to produce IFN-gamma(neutrophils can’t respond to chemotaxis)

148
Q

albino, peripheral neuropathy, recurrent staph/strep

A

chediak-higashi syndrome-LYST-phagosome-lysosome fusion microtubule dysfunction

149
Q

recurrent pusless bacterial infections, delayed umbilical separation

A

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency-LFA-1 integrin protein defect on phagocytes

150
Q

Thrombocytopenic purpura, infections, eczema, high IgE, low IgM

A

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome-X-recessive WAS gene, unable to reorganize actin cytoskeleton

151
Q

hyper-IgM syndrome

A

defective CD40L on helper Tcells-no class switching

152
Q

ataxia-telangiectasia

A

ATM gene defects-DNA repair enzymes, cerebellar defects, spider angiomas, IgA deficiency, high AFP

153
Q

SCID types

A

IL2-R, adenosine deaminase deficiency, no thymic shadow/T/B cells Tx-bone marrow transplant

154
Q

drug causing gingival hyperplasia, high BP/lipid/sugar, nephrotoxic, hirsuitism

A

cyclosporine(bind cyclophilins-inhibit calcineurin)

155
Q

tacrolimus/sirolimus(rapamycin) MOA

A

inhibit cyclosporin inhibiting calcineurin. inhibits mTOR

156
Q

azithioprine MOA

A

precursor antimetabolite of 6-MP-toxic to proliferating lymphocytes(allopurinol interaction)

157
Q

Therapeutic antibodies specific targets

A

muronomab-CD3, infliximab/adalimumab-TNFa, abciximab-glycoprotein IIb/IIIa, trastuzumab-HER2, rituximab-CD20, omalizumab-IgE

158
Q

Meningitis differentiation

A

fungal vs bacterial(lymphocytes vs PMNs), viral= normal glucose, lymphocytes

159
Q

viral UTI’s

A

adenovirus, BK virus, CMV

160
Q

HiB vaccine coverage

A

meningitis, sepsis, epiglottitis, pneumonia(no sinusitits, otitis media, conjunctivitis)

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