2.2 Cell Structures Involved In Cell Division Flashcards
(21 cards)
Nucleus
Control centre; surrounded by nuclear membrane; regulates activities
Nuclear membrane
Allows some materials to pass in and out of the cell
Chromosomes
Material that directs all activities to pass in and out of nucleus; made of DNA and genetic material
Nucleolus
Production and assembly of ribosomes
Ribosomes and ER
Ribosomes make protein; small
ER: series of tubes
-rough ER: ribosomes attached; transports proteins
-smooth ER: non attached; manufactures and transports fats
Cytoplasm
Maintains cell shape; gel like to provide supportive environment for organelles
Lysosome
Contains digestive enzymes that break down waste, digest food, digest injured cell, and are the clean up crews
Mitochondrion
Power house of cell; generates energy by cellular respiration: breaking down food to release energy
Cell membrane
Doorway of cell; controls what goes in and out; full of holes, flexible and thin
Golgi apparatus
Cell’s reaction depends on:
-necessary raw materials
-energy
-appropriate “catalysts”(enzymes) to speed up reactions
-lack of 1 enzyme can cause serious consequences for any organism, -enzyme production controls chemical reactions within a cell
-nucleus controls chemical reactions in the cell by controlling its enzyme production
Chloroplast
Green, only in plant cells; converts suns energy into food for cell
Moving materials in and out of cell
Cells need way of getting nutrients in cell and way of getting wastes out
-all substances must cross barriers that surround cell
Cell membrane specific
-made of mainly proteins and fats
-allows useful substances to enter cell and make sure that important needed materials don’t escape
Selectively permeable membrane
Let some stuff through, but not others
Diffusion
Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration
Osmosis
Process by which water moves across the membrane
-Self take in water or lose water by osmosis; it helps them maintain proper balance of water inside and outside of the cell
Photosynthesis formula
Carbons dioxide + waiter + sunlight
= glucose + oxygen
Cellular respiration formula
Glucose + oxygen
= carbons dioxide + water + energy
Photosynthesis information
-in plants only; and how they get source of food
plants manufactured their own energy, rich compounds
LOCATION: chloroplast, which contain chlorophyl
FUNCTION: chlorophyl absorbs light from the sun and converts it into chemical energy for the cell
Cellular respiration information
-found in both plants and animal cells
LOCATION: mitochondria
FUNCTION: convert food into energy for cell; to release energy stored in glucose to power cellular activities
