2.6 Cell Division and asexual reproduction

Question 1

Types of reproduction

Answer 1

Sexual or asexual

Question 2

Sexual reproduction

Answer 2

Two separate organisms (parents) contribute genetic information, usually specialized specialized sex (an egg or sperm cell)
-sex cells combine to form zygote

Question 3

Zygote

Answer 3

-when sex cells combine; the first cell of the new organism

Question 5

Asexual reproduction

Answer 5

-involves one parent
-All the offspring that are produced by asexual reproduction or identical to the parent

Question 6

Clones

Answer 6

-offspring of asexual reproduction
-Contain DNA that is identical to the DNA of the parent and are there for genetically identical
-usually the parent, chromosomes and DNA are replicated and interphase
-Cell division divides the genetic material and the cytoplasm between the two cells

Question 7

Binary fission

Answer 7

-parent undergoes cell division to produce two genetically identical cells or offspring
-offspring are smaller than the parent cell but all the necessary structures are present
-only single celled organisms, such as bacteria or protests and some algae use binary fission to reproduce
-allows for rapid population growth under ideal conditions
-bacteria can double their population every 20 minutes
-If the bacterium is one that causes a disease, this increase in numbers can produce an infection

Question 9

Budding

Answer 9

-in budding, the offspring begins as a small growth on the parent called a bud
-the blood continues to undergo cell division and grow in size before breaking off from the parent
-Occurs in single celled organisms such as yeast as well in multicellular organisms, such as the hydra which is related to jellyfish
-Since the initial daughter cells of the blood are genetically identical to the parent, the large bud that eventually breaks off will also be identical to the parent

Question 10

Vegetative reproduction

Answer 10

-process when plants reproduce asexually
-when strawberries or potatoes sent out runners
/a runner is a type of stem that grows horizontally along the surface of the soil, growing its own roots and can even become an independent plant
-Some trees and shrubs, such as aspen, send out shoots from the base of a trunk or underground stems, which grow into new plants
-Cuttings from some plants can also grow their own roots and become new plants.
Ex. Bulbs from which daffodils and crocuses, and tubers such as potatoes, are other forms of vegetative reproduction

Question 11

Fragmentation

Answer 11

-when a small part of an animal breaks off and grows into a new organism
-A fragment can grow into a complete animal whether an entire new animal goes from the fragment depends on how much of the original parent is contained in the fragment
-the fragment from a C star, for example example must contain part of the central disk in order to produce a new or
-the original parent animal can regrow the lost fragment through regeneration
-Regeneration is the ability to regrow a body part, a tissue, or an organ
-some flatworm such as planaria can regenerate an entire organism from a small fragment

Question 12

Spore formation

Answer 12

-many fungi, algae, and non-flower (such as fern) reproduce by forming large numbers of spores
-Spores our cells with thick cell walls, which are similar to seeds, but they are produced by cell division and grow into organisms that are genetically identical to the parent organism
-organisms that form spores may also reproduce sexually

Question 13

Overall characteristics of asexual reproduction

Answer 13

-only one organism is needed to reproduce
-All the offspring are genetically identical to each other and the parent organism
-a single organism can produce large numbers of offspring