3.3 Methods Of Sexual Reproduction

Question 1

Conjugation

Answer 1

-Some organisms that reproduce asexually by binary fission can also reproduce sexually by conjugation
Occurs when two unicellular organisms transfer or exchange some of their genetic material
-only happens in some bacteria and certain protest, such as paramecium
-Conjugation increases the diversity of individuals in unicellular species
-may be a factor that helps some bacteria become resistant to antibiotics

Question 2

Hermaphrodites

Answer 2

-an organism that produces both male and female sex cells in the same individual

Question 3

Flowering plants

Answer 3

-most flowers contain both male and female reproductive organs, and so are hermaphrodites

Question 4

Stamen

Answer 4

-male reproductive structure

Question 5

Filament

Answer 5

-what does stamen is made of
-a stock that supports the anther

Question 6

Anther

Answer 6

-the top of the stamen and produces pollen

Question 7

Pollen

Question 8

Pistil

Answer 8

-female reproductive structure

Question 9

Stigma

Answer 9

-top of the tube like pistil
-receives a pollen grain, which will travel down the tube like style to the ovary, where the eggs are contained

Question 10

Petals

Answer 10

-they surround the male and female structures
-colored leaf like structures of most flowers
-organisms that pollinate flowers are attracted to the coloured petals

Question 11

Sepals

Answer 11

-tiny leaf light structures that protect the flower while it’s in the Bud stage

Question 12

Pollination

Answer 12

-Processed by which pollen is moved from the male structures to the female structure, occurring in a variety of ways

Question 13

Cross pollination

Answer 13

-when pollen is removed from the male structure of one flower to the female structure of another flower by wind, insects, birds or mammals

Question 14

Self-pollination

Answer 14

-some plants can pollinate themselves
-the pollen produced by a flower can pollinate other flowers on the same plant
-fertilization follows pollination; the fertilized egg, or zygote develops into a seed in the ovary of the flower

Question 15

Separate sexes

Answer 15

-many complex animals, and some plants have separate female and male individuals
-the females produce eggs, and the males produce sperm
-Not all plants of male and female reproductive structures in the same flower
Ex. Pine and fur tree trees have separate male and female cones on the same plant.
-some species have separate, male and female flowers on the same plant
-Other species, but such as popular trees have separate male and female flowers on separate plants
-and animals that have separate sexes, there are two methods of fertile: external fertilization and internal fertilization

Question 16

External fertilization

Answer 16

-when the female releases her eggs into the water and the male then releases his sperm over the eggs
-Since the sperm and the egg unite outside the body, this method is called external fertilization
Ex. Salmon

Question 17

Internal fertilization

Answer 17

-some aquatic animal, such as sharks and most terrestrial land. Animals require the sperm from the male to be deposited inside the body of the female.
-when the union of the sperm in the egg occurs inside the female

Question 18

Earthworms

Answer 18

-hermaphrodites
-produce both egg and sperm
-cannot produce own eggs, so to reproduce sexually 2 earthworms attach and exchange sperm

Question 19

Aquatic hermaphrodites

Answer 19

Sponges, barnacles, are fixed to one location for most of their lives
-they produce sperm and egg at different times which prevents sperm from fertilizing animals own eggs, which would produce identical offspring