2.4 The Cell Cycle

Question 1

Cell cycle

Answer 1

Sequence of events in the cell from one cell division to another

Question 2

Interphase

Answer 2

-cell makes copies of each organelle in the cytoplasm
-once the cell is large enough, it will also make a copy of, or replicate, its chromosomes

Question 4

Sister chromatids

Answer 4

-each chromosome and its copy are known as sister chromatids
-each chromatid carries identical instructions for the functions of the cell

Question 5

Cell division

Answer 5

-even though different cells, the process of cell division is extremely similar in all cells and in all organisms
-composed of two process: mitosis and cytokinesis

Question 6

Mitosis

Answer 6

-the process that divides the nuclear material

Question 7

Cytokinesis

Answer 7

-the process that divides the cytoplasm and the rest of the organelles in half
-Cytokinesis usually begins before mitosis is finished
-each daughter cell receives approximately half the cytoplasm and organelles, and will be about half the size of the parent self

Question 8

Prophase

Answer 8

-1st stage of mitosis
-sister chromatids that were formed during intervals have short, and are now visible with a microscope
-the sister chromatids become, joined at or near the centre and look like an X
-the nucleolus is no longer visible
-the nuclear membrane breaks down and the chromosomes are spread out in the cytoplasm
-spindle fibres are microtubules that grow toward the centre of the cell
-Spindle fibres form the spindle, which moves the chromatids during the later stages of cell division

Question 9

Metaphase

Answer 9

-The second stage of mitosis
-the spindle is completely formed, and the sister chromatids attached to the spindle fibres
-the sister chromatids lineup along the middle of the cell halfway between the poles of the cell

Question 10

Anaphase

Answer 10

-3 stage of mitosis
-sister chromatids are pulled apart by the spindle and move toward the opposite poles of the cell
-chromatids are now called chromosomes again

Question 11

Telophase

Answer 11

-last stage of mitosis
-new chromosomes have reached the opposite poles of the cell
-events of prophase happen in reverse: two nuclear membrane form, the spindle disappears, the chromosomes lengthen and get thinner, and the nucleoli reappear.
-Mitosis is now complete and the original nucleus has divided into two genetically identical nuclei

Question 12

Cytokinesis

Answer 12

-2nd process in cell division beginning at the end of my mitosis during telophase
-divides the cytoplasm into two daughter cells
-It is visible in animal cells, by denotation or pinching of the cell membrane and cytoplasm between the two nuclei
-new daughter cells are now in interphase
-in plant cells, there is no identification in the cell membrane and membrane bound vesicles form between the two nuclei
-the cell plate grows outward toward the cell membrane, forming a new cell membrane for each, as well as the cell wall between the two new membranes biology