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Biochem > problem set 7 > Flashcards

problem set 7 Flashcards

LACKS: lipid classification by structure structure products from reactions

1
Q

compounds which have a glycerol backbone

A
  1. phospholipids
  2. fats
  3. glycolipids
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2
Q

compounds with NO glycerol backbone

A
  1. fatty acids
  2. sphingolipids
  3. steroids
  4. waxes
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3
Q

WATER SOLUBLE

A
  1. galactose
  2. triose
  3. a salt of a fatty acid
  4. soap
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4
Q

NOT water soluble

A
  1. oils
  2. steroids
  3. fats
  4. wax
  5. cellulose
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5
Q

CO2

A

slide

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6
Q

steroid hormone

A

slide

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7
Q

fatty acid

A

slide

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8
Q

amino acid

A

protein channels

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9
Q

cholesterol

A

slide

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10
Q

glucose

A

protein channel

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11
Q

starch

A

cannot enter

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12
Q

lactose

A

cannot enter

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13
Q

diethylether

A

soluble

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14
Q

ribose

A

protein channel

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15
Q

ethanol

A

protein channel

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16
Q

glycerol

A

protein channel

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17
Q

a protein hormone

A

cannot enter

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18
Q

Saponifiable compounds

A
  1. wax
  2. triglyceride
  3. phosphoglyceride
  4. glycolipid
  5. oil
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19
Q

NON saponifiable

A

a. steroids
b. fatty acid
c. prostaglandin

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20
Q

contains hydrophilic end

A
  1. phospholipids
  2. cephalin
  3. lecithin
  4. soap
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21
Q

NO hydrophilic end

A

a. steroid
b. triglycerides
c. fats
d. oils
e. waxes

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22
Q

Most polar

a. triglyceride
b. waxes
c. oils
d. fats
e. phospholipids

A

phospholipids

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23
Q

lowest melting point
CH3(CH2)10COOH
CH3(CH2)12COOH
CH3(CH2)6COOH

A

CH3(CH2)12COOH

most carbons

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24
Q

good cholesterol

A

HDL

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25
Q

transports most of the cholesterol to the cells

A

LDL

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26
Q

carries triglycerides from the intestine to the fat cells

A

VLDL

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27
Q

has the greatest abundance of protein

A

HDL

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28
Q

transports cholesterol to the liver

A

HDL

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29
Q

the least dense of the three of proteins

A

HDL

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30
Q

carries triglycerides synthesized in the liver to the muscles

A

VLDL

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31
Q

bad cholesterol

A

LDL

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32
Q

which contains phospholipids and proteins

A

VLDL
HDL
LDL

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33
Q

components of

cholesterol

A

steroid structure

34
Q

components of

arachidonic acid

A

fatty acid

35
Q

components of

choline

A

amine alcohol

36
Q

components of

aldosterone

A

steroid structure

37
Q

components of

olestra

A

sucrose

fatty acid

38
Q

components of

estrogen

A

steroid structure

39
Q

components of

glycolipid

A

galactose

glycerol

40
Q

components of

beeswax

A

fatty acid

long chain alcohol

41
Q

components of

olive oil

A

glycerol

fatty acid

42
Q

components of

glycogen

A

glucose

43
Q

components of

lecithin

A

glycerol
fatty acid

phosphate
amine alcohol

44
Q

components of

butter

A

glycerol

fatty acid

45
Q

components of

vitamin D

A

steroid structure

46
Q

components of

cephalin

A

glycerol

fatty acid
phosphate

amine alcohol

47
Q

progesterone

A

steroid structure

48
Q

dextrin

A

glucose

49
Q

lecithin

3chains
double bond, amine

A

glycerol
fatty acid

phosphate
amine alcohol

50
Q

wax

CH3(CH2)28CH2-O-C(CH2)14CH3

A

fatty acid

long chain alcohol

51
Q

fat

A

glycerol

fatty acid

52
Q

cell membrane

A

phospholipids

53
Q

enzyme 1 causes compound B to be released

name enzyme

A

phospholipase

54
Q

compound B

coming from phospholipase

A

arachidonic acid

55
Q

what kind of compound is aracidonic acid

A

fatty acid

56
Q

enzyme 2 is used to convert B to C what is the name of enzyme 2

A

cyclooxygenase

57
Q

what types of compounds are D E F

A

prostaglandins

58
Q

what prescription anti-inflammatory inhibits enzyme 1

phospholipase

A

cortisone

59
Q

what over the counter inhibits enzyme 2

cyclooxygenase

A

aspirin

60
Q

what prescription drug is used to inhibit one form of the enzyme and not the other

A

celebrex

VIOXX

61
Q

what compound is used to synthesize cholesterol

A

acetyl CoA

62
Q

where is cholesterol made

A

liver

63
Q

where is excess cholesterol not needed by the body transported

A

gallbladder

64
Q

excess cholesterol might accidentally precipitate out as

A

gall stones

65
Q

what steroid hormone regulate Na+ and K+ ions and promotes water retention

A

aldosterone

66
Q

what steroid hormone regulates the conversion of proteins to carbohydrates

A

cortisone

67
Q

what is the emulsifier found in egg yolks

A

lecithin

68
Q

what kinds of lipids are found in the cell membrane (3)

A
  1. phospholipids
  2. glycolipids
  3. cholesterol
69
Q

what are the products of saponification of a fat

A

glycerol

3 salts of fatty acids

70
Q

cholesterol is used to synthesize what three types of compounds

A

steroid hormones

vitamin D

bile salts

71
Q

what general structure feature do phosphatides share with soap

A

ionic end

hydrophilic

72
Q

what structural feature is found in most prostaglandins

A

5 carbon ring

73
Q

what functional group is found in a saponifiable lipid which is NOT found in a NONsaponifiable lipi

A

ester linkage

74
Q

lack of enzyme to metabolize glycolipids may cause what diseases

A

Niemann- Pick

Gancher’s

Tay Sachs

75
Q

what functions doe fat serve in the body

A
  1. energy
  2. insulation
  3. protection of vital organs
76
Q

can waxes be converted into a soap

A

yes but difficult

77
Q

what are the differences between a fat and an oil

A

oil is unsaturated fatty acid

78
Q

why do unsaturated fatty acids have lower melting points than saturated fatty acids

A

cis double bonds cause “bonds” = do not stack well

79
Q

how do the products of the acid hydrolysis and base hydrolysis of fat differ

A

acid hydrolysis= fatty acids

base hydrolysis=
salts of fatty acids

80
Q

why does coconut oil (veggie) have a melting point similar to fats from animal sources

A

it has very few double bonds

Biochem (27 decks)

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