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Biochem > quiz 10 > Flashcards

quiz 10 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the “secondary messenger” inside of a cell

A

cAMP

or cyclic AMP

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2
Q

what enzyme is needed to convert glycogen to glucose-1-phosphate

A

phosphorylase

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3
Q

what enzyme is needed to convert glucose-6-phosphate to glucose

A

phosphatase

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4
Q

what is the substrate of the enzyme in step 2 in glycolysis

A

glucose-6-phosphate

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5
Q

what is the product of the enzyme in step 2 in glycolysis

A

fructose-6-phosphate

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6
Q

what is the product of the enzyme in step 2 in glycolysis

A

dihydroxyacetone phosphate

glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate

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7
Q

what two products are formed in the cleavage of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

A

fermentation

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8
Q

if the yeast cell has oxygen what are the final products of glucose metabolism

A

water

carbon dioxide

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9
Q

anaerobic conditions, what is the pyruvic acid (in humans) converted to

A

lactic acid

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10
Q

the purpose of the reaction pyruvic acid to

is to regenerate what compound

A

NAD

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11
Q

what is the enzyme for the reaction above

A

dehydrogenase

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12
Q

in anaerobic conditions, the pyruvic acid in yeasts cells is first converted to what compound

A

acetalaldehyde

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13
Q

the breakdown of glycogen in the muscles is stimulated by what hormone

A

epinephrine

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14
Q

where is epinephrine made

A

adrenal glands

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15
Q

what is the enzyme needed for

pyruvic acid in yeast cells to be converted to acetalaldehyde

A

decarboxylase

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16
Q

glyconeogenesis (insulin)

A

inhibits

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17
Q

glycogenolysis (insulin)

A

inhibits

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18
Q

entry of glucose into a red blood cell (insulin)

A

no effect

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19
Q

entry of glucose into a muscle cell (insulin)

A

activates

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20
Q

where does

glycogenesis

A

liver and muscle

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21
Q

where does

gluconeogenesis

A

liver

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22
Q

where does

glycolysis

A

all cells

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23
Q

where does

glucogenolysis

A

liver and muscle

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24
Q

glycogen synthesis

A

endothermic

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25
Q

oxidation of glucose to CO2 & H2O

A

exothermic

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26
Q

ADP & Pi –> ATP

A

endothermic

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27
Q

conversion of glucose-1-phospate
to
glucose-6-phosphate

A

endothermic

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28
Q

anabolic reactions

A

endothermic

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29
Q

hydrolysis of glycogen to glucose

A

exothermic

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30
Q

hydrolysis of glucose-6-phosphate
to
glucose

A

exothermic

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31
Q

CH3CH2OH to CH3CH=O

A

exothermic

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32
Q

concerning glycolysis

step 2

A

mutase

isomerase

33
Q

concerning glycolysis

step 6

A

dehydrogenase

34
Q

concerning glycolysis

step 7

A

kinase

35
Q

concerning glycolysis

step 8

A

mutase

isomerase

36
Q

all cells need insulin to help the passage of glucose into the cell

A

false

37
Q

in coupled reactions, the energy of the endothermic reaction should be larger than the exothermic reaction

A

false

38
Q

converting pyruvic acid to acetyl-CoA is an irreversible reaction

A

true

39
Q

glucose-6-phosphate is always converted into pyruvic acid in both the liver and muscle

A

false

40
Q

the same amount of energy will be created if one starts with glycogen or glucose

A

false

41
Q

two phosphates must be on the fructose molecules before it can be split into 2 compounds

A

true

42
Q

in aerobic condition, pyruvic acid must be converted into lactic acid

A

false

43
Q

anabolic reactions are converting smaller molecules to larger ones

A

true

44
Q

without oxygen, a cell cannot do glycolysis

A

false

45
Q

oxidation reactions produce energy, which can be used to drive an endothermic reaction

A

true

46
Q

a cell without mitochondria does only glycolysis for energy

A

true

47
Q

in anaerobic conditions, the NAD cannot be regenerated, so glycolysis will stop

A

false

48
Q

even though oxygen is found only at the last step of the electron transport system, if a cell has no oxygen the Krebs cycle will not work

A

true

49
Q

a red blood cell gets most of its energy from the Krebs cycle

A

false

50
Q

which part produces the most CO2

A

krebs cycle

51
Q

actually uses O2 molecules

A

electron transport

52
Q

occurs only in the cytoplasm

A

glycolysis

53
Q

can occur in anaerobic conditions

A

glycolysis

54
Q

converts FADH2 to FAD

A

electron transport

55
Q

where oxidative phosphorylation takes place

A

electron transport

56
Q

about what percent of energy in glucose is saved in glycolysis

A

2%

57
Q

what step in glycolysis represents substrate level phosphorylation

A

7 or 10

58
Q

which step in glycolysis is an oxidation

A

6

59
Q

which step in glycolysis is a dehydration

A

9

60
Q

what type of functional group is found at the very end of a coenzyme A molecule

A

thioalcohol

61
Q

what is the high energy bond in acetyl-CoA

A

a thio ester

62
Q

what is the high energy bond in glucose-6-phosphate

A

phosphate ester

63
Q

why is a phosphatase found only in the liver

A

glycogen in the liver must provide glucose for the entire body

64
Q

which cannot be converted back to glucose-1-phosphate

A

fructose-1,6,-bisphosphate

65
Q

when glucagon affects a liver cell, what happens

A

glucagon turns on an enzyme which catalyzes the reaction ATP to cAMP

kinase enzymes are turned on so phosphates can be put on glycogen synthetase and glycogen phosphorylase

66
Q

what are the NOT effects of glucagon

A

glycogenolysis is stimulated in the liver and muscle

glucose is converted to glycogen in the liver

gluconeogenesis is inhibited

67
Q

possible “fate” of pyruvate in the human body

A

conversion to acetyl CoA

reduction to lactic acid in muscle

68
Q

what is the purpose of the cori cycle

A

move lactic acid out of the muscle

have the liver provide the muscle with “new” glucose

69
Q

what causes muscle fatigue

A

accumulation of lactic acid

have the liver provide the muscle with “new” glucose

70
Q

what causes muscle fatigue

A

accumulation of lactic acid

acidosis

71
Q

the enzyme in step 1 of the Krebs cycle is an allosteric enzyme with sites for ATP, ADP, and NADH

which would activate the enzyme

A

ADP

72
Q

assuming oxygen is available, which can be converted into the most ATP

A

one NADH in the mitochondria

73
Q

which can produces the most ATP per glucose molecule

A

glucose metabolism in the liver under aerobic conditions

74
Q

how many CO2 are produced from Anaerobic oxidation of 3 glucose molecules in a human cell

A

none

75
Q

how many ATP are produced from Anaerobic oxidation of 3 glucose molecules in a human cell

A

6

anaerobic
3 x 2

76
Q

how many CO2 are produced from the anaerobic oxidation of 3 glucose molecules in a yeast cell

A

36

77
Q

how many ATP are produced from the anaerobic oxidation of 3 glucose molecules in a yeast cell

A

6

78
Q

how many pyruvic acids can be made from 2 sucrose molecules in glycolysis

A

8

2 sucrose= 4 glucose
2 pyruvic acids in glycolysis

4 x 2 = 8

Biochem (27 decks)

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