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Biochem > exam 2 review > Flashcards

exam 2 review Flashcards

1
Q

stimulants

A
  1. sudafed
  2. amphetamines
  3. caffeine
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2
Q

cannot be made from the hydrolysis of starch

A
  1. amylase
  2. galactose
  3. glycerol
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3
Q

water soluble

A
  1. sucrose
  2. fructose
  3. pentose
  4. salt
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4
Q

react with a benedicts solution

A
  1. maltose
  2. aldopentose
    3.
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5
Q

true neurotransmitters

A
  1. they are chemicals that transmits a nerve impulse across a synapse
  2. certain drugs can increase the effect of the NT
  3. most are synthesized in the body from amino acids
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6
Q

true monosaccharides

A
  1. natrually occuring monosaccharides are usually “d” sugars
  2. their closed forms are in equilibrium with their open forms
  3. they can bass through cell membrane
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7
Q

valium and xanax affect this neurotransmitter

A

GABA

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8
Q

patients with parkinsons disease have too little

A

dopamine

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9
Q

anti-depressants affect this neurotransmitter

A

serotonin

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10
Q

neurotransmitter that affects the amount of stomach acid produced

A

histamine

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11
Q

cocaine affects the re-uptake of this neurotransmitter, causing high levels of this neurotransmitter to build up in the synapses

A

dopamine

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12
Q

alzheimers patients have too little of this neurotransmitter

A

acetylcholine

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13
Q

produced by the body in response to an allergic reaction

A

histamine

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14
Q

involved in the brain with short term memory

A

acetylcholine

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15
Q

neurotransmitter that is referred to as involved in body temperature and sleep

A

serotonin

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16
Q

neurotransmitter that is thought to be involved in eating disorders

A

serotonin

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17
Q

neurotransmitter reffered to as a dopamine modulator. it reduces anxiety

A

GABA

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18
Q

neurotransmitter made from dopamine

A

norphinephrine

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19
Q

excess of this neurotransmiter can lead to schizophrenic symptoms

A

dopamine

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20
Q

nicotine mimics this neurotransmitter, thus enhancing mental alertness

A

acetylcholine

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21
Q

what monosaccharide is found in cellulose

A

glucose

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22
Q

compound that mimics acetylcholine

this compoud can be fatal if ingested

A

nicotine

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23
Q

used in dentistry as local anesthetic

A

novocaine

lidocaine

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24
Q

compound given in clinics used to treat heroin addicts

addictive

A

methadone

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25
Q

heroin antagonist which is used in emergency rooms to treat heroin overdosing

A

naloxone

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26
Q

synthetic narcotic used in hospital which is milder than morphine

A

demerol

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27
Q

name of a specific drug used as a serotonin re-uptake inhibitor

A

paxil
zoloft
prozac

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28
Q

what is an equal amount of enantiomers called

A

racemic mixture

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29
Q

what is the relationship of D-glucose and L-glucose

A

enantiomers

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30
Q

what is the relationship of alpha D-glucose and beta D-glucose
(not diasteromers)

A

anomers

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31
Q

what is the sweetest carbohydrate

A

fructose

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32
Q

what is the name of the branched part of the starch

A

amylopectin

33
Q

what carbohydrate is used in baby cereal and as a glue on stamps and envelopes

A

dextrins

34
Q

what polysaccharide has beta 1-4 linkages that cannot be digested by humans

A

cellulose

35
Q

glucose is stored in the liver and muscles as this

A

glycogen

36
Q

street drug synthesized from morphine

A

heroin

37
Q

ampehtamine abused on college campus which is used as a “study” aid

A

adderall

38
Q

what is the compound that is amde from the coca plant

A

cocaine

39
Q

compound given to patients with parkinson’s disease to lessen the symptoms

A

Dopa

L-DOPA

40
Q

any compound that mimics the activity of a drug is called

A

agonist

41
Q

the receptor site for morphine are actually the same receptor sites for what compounds
(which are produced by the body)

A

endorphins

42
Q

what is the term for the effect of one drug enhancing the action of another

A

synergistic

43
Q

what polysaccharide is found in grass and wood

A

cellulose

44
Q

what other monosaccharide (other than glucose) is found in table sugar

A

fructose

45
Q

the closed form of a monosaccharide is a hemiacetal, while a glycoside is an acetal

A

true

46
Q

it is safe to give a pair of enantiomeric drugs because one is physiologically active and the other is NEVER physiologically active

A

False

47
Q

MAO inhibitors will inhibit the enzyme which degrades most NT

A

true

48
Q

ritalin is sedative which is used to treat hyperactive children

A

false

49
Q

if a compound has a plane of symmetry it still can be optically active

A

false

50
Q

enantiomers are always mirror images of each other and superimposable

A

false

51
Q

D-glucose can easily be converted to L-glucose

A

false

52
Q

smokers contract parkinsons disease less often than non-smokers

A

true

53
Q

corn has a greater % of starch than potatoes

A

true

54
Q

diasteromers are steroisomers with two or more chiral carbons and are not mirror images

A

true

55
Q

compounds with chiral carbons are always optically active

A

false

meso compounds

56
Q

galactosemia, galactose is not converted to glucose and can build up in the brain

A

true

57
Q

a reducing sugar is a sugar that can be reduced

A

false

oxidized

58
Q

alpha D-ribose in solution can open up and can close up to beta D-ribose

A

true

59
Q

enantiomers have the same melting points and boiling points

A

true

60
Q

DOPA can pass through the BBB while dopamine cannot

A

true

61
Q

Thorazine is an antipsychotic drug that is a dopamine agonist

A

false

antagonist

62
Q

cocaine addiction can cause a decrease in the number of dopamine receptor sites

A

true

63
Q

anti-anxiety medication can be addictive

A

true

64
Q

paranoia can be caused by amphetamine abuse

A

true

65
Q

all meso compounds have a plane of symmetry and on or more chiral carbons

A

false

two or more

66
Q

polysaccharides are not very soluble in water

A

true

67
Q

serotonin antagonists are used to treat depression and OCD

A

false

68
Q

an overdose of anti-psychotic drugs can lead to parkinson’s symptoms

A

true

69
Q

starch gives a positive iodine test because the I2 reacts with the aldehyde and the amylose

A

false

70
Q

dextrose is given intravenously instead of glucose because it is easier to metabolize

A

false

dextrose is glucose

71
Q

many of the artificial sweeteners (non-carbohydrates) were discovered by accident

A

true

72
Q

what was the name of the girlfriend of the researcher that first synthesized the precusors to seconal, luminal, and nembutal

A

barbara

73
Q

how many D-aldohexoses are there

A

8

2^3= 8

74
Q

how many D-2-ketopentoses are there

A

2

75
Q

bottle gave a negative iodine test and postitive tollens test. the results did not change after acid was added

A

glucose

76
Q

bottle gave a postive iodine test and a negative tollens test
when hydrolyzed with acid, however it gave a negative iodine test and a positive tollens test

A

starch

77
Q

bottle gave a negative iodine test and a negative tollens test
when hydrolyzed with acid it still gave a negative iodine test but gave a postitve tollens test

A

sucrose

78
Q

what does ferric chloride (FeCl3) test for

A

phenols

79
Q

structure for B-hydroxypentanamide

A

CH3CH2CH(OH)CH2(C=O)-NH2

Biochem (27 decks)

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