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Biochem > metabolism 2 > Flashcards

metabolism 2 Flashcards

1
Q

the enzyme in step 4 of the krebs cycle is an allosteric enzyme with sites for ATP, ADP and NADH which of them would activate the enzyme

A

ADP

excess ADP means cell cell has used up ATP
needs more, Krebs cycle will speed up

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2
Q

which part produces the most CO2

A

Krebs cycle

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3
Q

actually uses O2 molecules

A

electron transport

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4
Q

occurs only in the cytoplasm

A

glycolysis

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5
Q

can occur in anaerobic conditions

A

glycolysis

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6
Q

converts FADH2 to FAD

A

electron transfer

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7
Q

where oxidative phosphorylation takes place

A

electron transfer

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8
Q

assuming oxygen is available, which can be converted into the most ATP

A

one NADH in the mitochondria

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9
Q

which can produces the most ATP per glucose molecule

A

glucose metabolism in the liver under aerobic conditions

RBCs have no mitochondria, can only do glycolysis
fermentation is always anaerobic

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10
Q

in aerobic oxidation of glucose, approximately what % of energy is stored as ATP

A

40%

36ATP x 7.5 kcal/mole =270 kcal

270/686 = 40%

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11
Q

in anaerobic oxidation of glucose, approximately what % energy is stored as ATP

A

2%

2ATP x 7.5 kcal

15/686 = 2%

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12
Q 
which is the highest energy compound
CO2
NADH
NAD
FAD
A

NADH

only compound with hydrogens

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13
Q

highest energy

CH3CH2CH3

CH3CH2COOH

CH2(OH)CH(OH)CH2(OH)

3 CO2

A

CH3CH2CH3

least amount of oxygens

most hydrogest

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14
Q

lowest energy

CH3CH2CH3

CH3CH2COOH

CH2(OH)CH(OH)CH2(OH)

3 CO2

A

3 CO2

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15
Q

what is the primary source of energy for the following cells

red blood cells

A

blood glucose

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16
Q

what is the primary source of energy for the following cells

resting muscle

A

fatty acids

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17
Q

what is the primary source of energy for the following cells

liver

A

fatty acids

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18
Q

what is the primary source of energy for the following cells

brain during healthy eating

A

blood glucose

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19
Q

what is the primary source of energy for the following cells

muscle during strenuous activity

A

glycogen

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20
Q

brain during 24 hour starvation

A

ketone bodies

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21
Q

metabolism of glycerol starts in the

A

glycolysis

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22
Q

TRUE concerning mitochondria

A
  • -a cell must do alot of work will have more than one that doesn’t
  • -a cell can produce more mitochondria if it needs to do more work
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23
Q

FALSE mitochondria

A
  1. all cells have the same number of mitochondria

2. all cells have mitochondria

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24
Q

brown fat helps

A

maintain body temperature of mitochondria than typical fat

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25
Q

brown fat is found in

A

mammals who adapt to cold climates

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26
Q

brown fat contains

A

more mitochondria than typical fats

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27
Q

brown fat provides

A

more body heat, by producing less ATP

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28
Q

if there is no oxygen present, which processes can occur

A
  1. glycolysis

2. glycogenloysis

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29
Q

NADH & FADH2 are ultimately reoxidized (in electron transport chain) by

A

O2

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30
Q

coronary thrombosis oxygen is

A

cut off from the heart muscle

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31
Q

coronary thrombosis TRUE

A

glycolysis will increase

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32
Q

coronary thrombosis (what will build up)

A

lactic acid will build up

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33
Q

coronary thrombosis ____ will occur

A

acidosis will occur

34
Q

which has higher energy

NADH
NAD

A

NADH

35
Q

which has higher energy

CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2COOH
glucose

A

CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2COOH

36
Q

which has higher energy

AMP
ADP

A

ADP

37
Q

which has higher energy

Succinic acid
succinyl CoA

A

Succinyl CoA

38
Q

which has higher energy

fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate

fructose-6-phosphate

A

fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate

39
Q

NOT true of ketone bodies

A

synthesized by all cell

40
Q

too much ketone bodies in the blood can

A

cause ketosis

41
Q

2 out of 3 ketone bodies are

A

acids, they can lead to acidosis

42
Q

ketone bodies are synthesized

A

by the liver

43
Q

ketone bodies TRUE

A

brain cells main source of energy during starvation

44
Q

pyruvate to acetyl CoA is

A

oxidation

decarboxylation

synthesis

45
Q

how many ATPs can be produced

6 NADH (cytoplasm)

A

12 ATP

46
Q

how many ATPs can be produced

4 NADH

A

12 ATP

47
Q

how many ATPs can be produced

4 NAD

A

0 ATP

48
Q

how many ATPs can be produced

3 FADH2

A

6 ATP

49
Q

how many ATPs can be produced

3 GTP

A

3 ATP

50
Q

how many CO2

produced from the complete aerobic oxidation of 4 acetyl- CoAs

A

8 CO2

51
Q

how many ATP

produced from the complete aerobic oxidation of 4 acetyl- CoAs

A

48

4 x12

52
Q

How many ATP are produced from the anaerobic oxidation of 9 glucose molecules

A

18

53
Q

How many NADH are generated when 5 glucose molecules are converted to ethanol in fermentation

A

no NADH

they are converted back to NAD in step 12

54
Q

complete aerobic oxidation of 5 pyruvic acids will produce

CO2

A

15 CO2

55
Q

complete aerobic oxidation of 5 pyruvic acids will produce

ATP

A

75 ATP

5 x 15

56
Q

the complete oxidation of one mole of sucrose will produce how many ATPs

assuming that fructose can be isomerized to glucose in the liver

A

1 sucrose = 2 glucose = 72 ATP

2 x 36

57
Q

for 6 glucose molecules going to pyruvic acid how many NAD molecules are used up

A

12

58
Q

what type of group does acetylCoA transfer

A

acetyl

59
Q

in aerobic conditions pyruvic acid is converted to

A

CO2

H2O

60
Q

the energy from glucose metabolism which is not stored as ATP is used for maintaining

A

boy temp

61
Q

in muscle tissue, anaerobic oxidation of carbohydrates results in the production of

A

lactic acid

62
Q

substrate or substrates for the enzyme in step 1 of the Kreb cycle

A

acetyl CoA

oxaloacetic acid

63
Q

Product of acetyl CoA oxaloacetic acid

A

citric acid

64
Q

what type of enzyme is acetyl coA and oxaloacetic acid

A

synthetase

65
Q

coenzyme is used to convert RCH2CH2R to RCH =CHR

A

FAD

66
Q

what type of enzyme is needed for the above reaction

A

dehydrogenase

67
Q

what coenzyme is used to convert
RCH2CH=O to
RCH2CH2OH

A

NADH

68
Q

in what tissues are the following stored

lipids

A

adipose

69
Q

in what tissues are the following stored

carbohydrates

A

muscle

liver

70
Q

in what tissues are the following stored

amino acids

A

none

there is an amino acid pool in the blood

71
Q

which ketone body is NOT acidic

A

acetone

72
Q

in the complete aerobic metabolism of glucose

the carbons of glucose end up as

A

CO2

73
Q

in the complete aerobic metabolism of glucose

the hydrogens of the glucose end up as
before the electron transport system

A

NADH

FADH2

74
Q

in the complete aerobic metabolism of glucose

the hydrogens of the glucose of the glucose end up as
after the electron transport system

A

H2O

75
Q

why does starvation result in acidosis

A

glycogen is gone,
fatty acid metabolism increases
acetyl CoA accumulates
but Krebs cycle slows down since oxaloacetic acid is used in gluconeogenesis to provide glucose to the brain.

acetyl Co-A is converted to ketone bodies, and ketone bodies cause acidosis
since 2 of them are acids

76
Q

Acetyl CoA & oxaloacetic acid ——-> citric acid

enzyme: synthetase

active sites for

A

acetyl coA

oxalacetic acid

77
Q

Acetyl CoA & oxaloacetic acid ——-> citric acid

classificed as

A

synthetase

Allosteric

78
Q

it has regulatory sites for citrate NAD ATP and NADH would the NAD molecule be

A

an activator

79
Q

ATP is synthesized only in the electron transport chain

A

false

80
Q

glucagon and epinephrine will speed up triglyceride hydrolysis

A

true

81
Q

if needed, fatty acids can be bound to serum albumin and transported by the blood to other tissue to be oxidized

A

true

Biochem (27 decks)

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