Human Genetics chapter13 Flashcards
Recombinant DNA technology
A series of techniques in which DNA fragments from an organism are linked to self-replicating vectors to create recombinant DNA molecules,which are replicated or cloned in a host cell.
Clones
Genetically identical molecules, cells, or organisms,all derived from a single ancestor.
Restriction enzyme
A bacterial enzyme that cuts DNA at specific sites.
Vectors
Self-replicating DNA Molecules that are used to transfer foreign DNA segments between host cells.
Genomic library
In recombinant DNA terminology, a collection of clones that contains all the genetic information in an individual.
Yeast artificial chromosome(YAC)
A cloning vector that has telomeres and a centromere that can accommodate large DNA inserts and uses the eukaryote yeast as a host cell.
Probe
A labeled Nucleic acid used to identify a complementary region in a clone or genome.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
A method for amplifying DNA segments using cycles of denaturation, annealing to primers, and DNA polymerase-direction DNA synthesis.
Southern blot
A method for transferring DNA fragments from a gel to a membrane filter,developed by Edwin Southern for use in hybridization experiments.
DNA sequencing
A technique for determining the nucleotide sequence of a DNA molecule.
DNA microarray
A series of short nucleotide sequences placed on a solid support(such as glass) that have several different uses, such as detection of mutant genes or differences in the pattern of gene expression in normal and cancerous cells.
