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From Flashcardlet > 6/5 > Flashcards

6/5 Flashcards

1
Q

enzyme that warfarin inhibits?

A

epoxide reductase

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2
Q

Spur cells seen in what disease

A

These are acanthocytes (spikey RBCs) = seen in abetalipoproteinemia

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3
Q

Tear drop cells seen in what disease

A

Myelofibrosis (i.e. any disease where bone marrow gets infiltrated)

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4
Q

What is the chemical in moth balls, and what does it do to your RBCs?

A

Naphthalene - it creates Howell-Jolly Bodies

same thing in dyes that causes bladder cancer

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5
Q

Cause of the mutation in B-thal

A

point mutations in splice sites and promotor sequences leads to decreased B-gene synthesis

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6
Q

What causes the basophilic stippling seen in Pb poisoning?

A

build up of rRNA aggregates b/c lead blocks the breakdown of these

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7
Q

Tx for a macrocytic anemia with high methylmalonic acid that began after eating sushi at the Gas-n-Go

A

Praziquantal (Dip Latum infection!)

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8
Q

Drugs that lead to a non-megaloblastic macrocytic anemia

A

5-FU
Hydroxyurea
AZT

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9
Q

Tx for an intrinsic, intravascular normocytic hemolytic pancytopenia

Will have a (+) HAMs test (RBCs lyse at low pH) and have CD55/59 (-) RBCs

A

Eculizumab (monoclonal for C5)

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10
Q

A dad with sideroblastic anemia, what are the chances he passes it to his child?

A

X-linked dz

Boy = no chance
Girl = 100% chance

(50% chance total)

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11
Q

Tx for Port Wine Urine after taking barbiturates

A

This is Acute Intermittent porphyria (decreased enzyme is porphobilinogen deaminase)

Leads to a build up of porphobilinogen, d-ALA, and uroporphyrin

Tx with glucose and heme to block pathway higher up at ALA-Synthase

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12
Q

Platelet disorder with an increased Bleeding Time and a normal Platelet count (the only one like this)

A

Glanzemanns Thrombasthenia

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13
Q

Leukemia with an increased WBC left shift and decreased leukocyte alkaline phosphatase

9:22 translocation bcr-Abl

A

CML

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14
Q

Ig Light chains in urine (Bence Jones protein)

IgG accumulation in cells (Russell Bodies)

A

Multiple Myeloma

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15
Q

Tx for a TRAP+ leukemia

A

This is Hairy Cell Leukemia (will have hairy cells on smear)

Tx = Cladribine (an adenosine analog)

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16
Q

Child with lytic bone lesions and skin rash

Cells are S-100 and you see Birbeck granules seen on EM

A

Langerhans Cell histiocytosis

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17
Q

Intense itching after shower

Proliferative stem cells with constitutionally active JAK2 receptor, without EPO stimulation

A

Polycythemia Vera

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18
Q

Drugs used as an alternative to heparin for anticoagulating pts with HIT

A

Lepirudin and Bivalirudin

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19
Q

Overdose of t-PA treatment

A

aminocaproic acid (inhibits fibrinolyis)

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20
Q

Side effect of ticlopidine

A

Neutropenia (this is an ADP R blocker used to decrease platelet aggregation) similar to clopidogrel

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21
Q

MOA of cytarabine

A

Pyrimidine analog –> blocks DNA synth

**Purine analog counterpart this one is 6-MP or Azathioprine

22
Q

What does the notochord become?

A

the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc

23
Q

What teratogen?

Baby born with microcephaly, dysmorphic craniofacial features, hypoplastic nails and distal phalanges, cardiac defects

A

Phenytoin

24
Q

What arch forms the precursor for the artery damaged in an epidural hematoma?

A

1* Aortic Arch –> Maxillary artery

25
Q

What arch does the ductus arteriosus come from?

A

6* Aortic Arch (6th also makes the left pulmonary artery)

***The left laryngeal nerve can get caught around the ligamentum arteriosum

26
Q

The right recurrent laryngeal nerve loops around what artery? What arch?

A

Right Subclavian artery (4th arch - proximal part)

27
Q

Which arch does the greater horn of the hyoid come from?

Lesser horn?

A

The 3rd branchial arch

2nd branchial arch

28
Q

What else will be present in an epispadia pt?

A

Extrophy of bladder

All due to faulty genital tubercle positioning

29
Q

Testosterone is responsible for the male development of?

A

Internal genitalia (except for prostate)

Prostate and the external genitalia are made via DHT

30
Q

Tx for eclampsia siezures?

A

Magnesium Sulfate

31
Q

What is the #1 cause of death in cervical cancer pts

A

Renal failure due to lateral invasion leading to blockage of the ureters

32
Q

Type of ovarian tumor most common in Turners pts

What is the equivalent tumor in males?

A

Dysgerminoma

Male = Seminoma

Histo = sheets of uniform cells w/ large clear cytoplasms

33
Q

Woman presents with a pulling sensation in the groin

She has a hydrothorax, ascites, and ovarian fibromas

A

Meigs syndrome

Ovarian Fibroma

34
Q

Km = [S] at 1/2 Vmax

A

230+

35
Q

Drug used to control uterine hemorrhage

A

Oxytocin

36
Q

Aspirin will increase bleeding time, but keep PT and PTT the same

A

230+

37
Q

Albinism is caused by:

A

Tyrosinase deiciency (normal number of melanocytes, but defective production of melanin) or failure of the neural crest migration during development

38
Q

Vitiligo is caused by:

A

Decreased number of melanocytes causing irregular areas of complete depigmentation

39
Q

Hypotension leads to decreased baroreceptor firing

A

and increased efferent symp firing, and decreased parasymp firing

40
Q

Splenic Dysfunction leads to what kind of antibody decrease?

A

IgM –> decreased compliment activation and decreased C3b opsonization

41
Q

Where is antigen loaded to an MHC I vs MHC II molecule?

A

MHC I = loaded in the RER with intracellular peptides - travels with B2 microglobulin (aids in transport)

MHC II = loaded win acidified endosome

42
Q

Which cells express:

CD40
CD40L
B7
CD28

A 
CD40 = B cell
CD40L = T-helper
B7 = Dendritic Cell
CD28 = Niave T Cell
43
Q

A serine protease that activates apoptosis inside the target cell

A

Granzyme

44
Q

What type of compliment disorder is contraindicated for use of ACEi’s? WHy?

A

C1 esterase deficiency - this causes hereditary angioedema

Thus ACEi’s might make this worse!

45
Q

Roles of Interferon A, B, and y

A

Interferon A and B = kill viral RNA and stop protein synth

Interferon y = increase expression of MHC II and I and Ag presentation on all cells

All interferons activate NK cells to kill virally infected cells

46
Q

Dz with antimicrosomal Abs

Also has antithyroglobulin Abs

A

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

47
Q

Dz with anti-SM Abs

A

Autoimmune Hepatitis

48
Q

Which immune deficiency dz can you get false bHCG tests?

A

Selective IgA deficiency (presence of heterophile Abs)

49
Q

Immune def causing disseminated mycobacterial infections

Little kid with Myco Avium

A

IL-12 deficiency (have very low IFN-y, thus cant make MHC 1 and 2’s even though all your cells are present)

50
Q

Immunosuppressent that causes gingival hyperplasia and nephrotoxicity

A

Cycosporine

51
Q

IL-2 monoclonal Ab

CD3 Monoclonal Ab

A

Dacluzimab

Muromonab

From Flashcardlet (32 decks)

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