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Anatomy > The Urinary System > Flashcards

The Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Name the organs of the urinary system.

A
  • Kidneys (2)
  • Ureters (2)
  • Bladder 1)
  • Urethra (1)
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2
Q

How is the kidney is involved in controlling metabolism?

A
  • Synthesis of glucose
  • Secretion of Erythropoeitin
  • Secretion of Calcitriol
  • Activation of vitamin D
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3
Q

How big is the kidney?

A

10-12 cm long, 5-8 cm wide, 2.5 cm thick

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4
Q

Where is the kidney located?

A

posteriorly in the abdominal cavity between the T12 and L3 vertebrae

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5
Q

What does the renal hilus contain?

A
  • Renal arteries and veins
  • Ureters
  • Nerves
  • Lymphatic vessels
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6
Q

3 layers suround each kidney, what are these called?

A
  • Renal Fascia (Superficial)
  • Adipose capsule (Intermediate)
  • Renal capsule (Deepest)
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7
Q

What is the renal capsule made up of and what is its function?

A
  • Smooth transparent fibrous membrane

- Protects the kidney from physical shock and infection

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8
Q

What is the function of the Adipose capsule of the kidney?

A
  • Protection

- Anchors it to the abdominal cavity

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9
Q

What is the Renal Facsia made up of ?

A
  • Dense irregular connective tissue
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10
Q

The internal structure of the kidney comprises 3 areas, what are these called?

A
  • Cortex
  • Medulla
  • Pelvis
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11
Q

The medulla of the kidney contains cone shaped structures, what are these called, and how many are there?

A
  • Pyramids

- 8 - 18

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12
Q

What structure connects the pelvis of the kidney to the bladder?

A
  • The Ureter
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13
Q

How is back pressure of urine prevented when the bladder is full?

A
  • Ureters enter bladder at an angle

- Pressure closes Ureter openings

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14
Q

Where is the bladder located?

A
  • Pelvic cavity
  • Posterior to pubic symphysis
  • In females - Anterior to vagina and inferior to uterus
  • In males - Anterior to rectum
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15
Q

How long is the urethra in females?

A

4 cm

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16
Q

How long is the urethra in males?

A

15-20 cm

17
Q

Where does the urethra lie in relation to the pubic symphysis in females?

A
  • Posterior to the pubic symphysis
18
Q

In females the urethra is imbedded in which wall of the vagina?

A
  • The anterior wall
19
Q

In females the urethral opening is found between which two structures?

A
  • Clitoris

- Vagina

20
Q

In males the urethra passes through which two structures?

A
  • Prostate gland

- Penis

21
Q

What is the maximum capacity of the bladder?

A
  • 700-800 ml
22
Q

Stretch receptors in the bladder fire when the bladder contains what volume of urine?

A
  • 200-400 ml
23
Q

Is the internal urethral sphincter under voluntary or involuntary control?

A
  • Involuntary
24
Q

Is the external urethral sphincter under voluntary or involuntary control?

A
  • Voluntary
25
Q

The internal urethral sphincter is under involuntary control, where does the micturation reflex originate and how does it effect the bladder and internal urethral sphincter?

A
  • A centre in the sacral spinal cord
  • impulses via parasympathetic to bladder wall and internal urethral sphincter
  • contraction of bladder
  • Relaxation of internal urethral sphincter
26
Q

What causes relaxation of the external urethral sphincter?

A
  • Voluntary control by the cerebral hemispheres
27
Q

How many times does the mesoderm along the posterior aspect of the embryo attempt to differentiate into the kidney, and what are these structures called?

A
  • 3 times
  • Pronephros
  • Mesonephros
  • Metanephros
28
Q

By what age has the uteric bud formed in the embryo

A
  • week 5
29
Q

What embryonic structure goes on to form the nephrons?

A
  • Metanephric mesoderm
30
Q

What 2 structures does the embryonic urogenital sinus go on to form?

A
  • Bladder

- Urethra

Anatomy (17 decks)

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