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Anatomy > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

How many litres of blood does the cardiovascular system contain in a female?

A

4-5 litres

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2
Q

How many litres of blood does the cardiovascular system contain in a male?

A

5-6 litres

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3
Q

How heavy is a normal heart?

A

300g

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4
Q

What proportion of the blood volume is pumped each minute at rest?

A
  • The entire blood volume
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5
Q

Where is the heart located?

A
  • Posterior to the sternum

- Superior to the diaphragm

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6
Q

The heart is contained within a mass of connective tissue, what is this called?

A
  • Mediastinum
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7
Q

There are two types of pericardium, what are these called?

A
  • Fibrous pericardium

- Serous pericardium

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8
Q

What is the fibrous pericardium made up of?

A
  • Dense iregular connective tissue
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9
Q

What is the role of the fibrous pericardium

A
  • Protects and anchors the heart

- Prevents overstretching

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10
Q

The serous pericardium is made up of what?

A
  • Thin delicate membrane
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11
Q

The Serous pericardium is made up of two layers, what are these called?

A
  • Parietal layer (Outer layer)

- Visceral layer (epicardium)

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12
Q

What fluid is contained within the paricardial cavity?

A
  • Pericardial fluid
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13
Q

Where is the pericardial cavity?

A
  • In the serous pericardium between the parietal and visceral layer
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14
Q

Name the 3 layers of the heart wall.

A
  • Epicardium
  • Myocardium
  • Endocardium
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15
Q

What type of cell junction fascilitates communication between myocardial cells?

A
  • Gap junctions with connexons
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16
Q

What sort of cell junctions increases the structural integrity of the myocardium?

A
  • Desmosomes
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17
Q

What are the characteristics of cardiac muscle?

A
  • Branching
  • Intercalated disks with gap junctions
  • Involuntary
  • Striated
  • Single central nucleus
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18
Q

What are Auricles in the heart?

A
  • External appendages which increase the capacity of the atria
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19
Q

The atria and ventricles are separated by a mass of connective tissue Which supports the valves and electrically separates the atria from the ventricles. This is marked externally by a groove, what is this called?

A
  • Coronary sulcus
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20
Q

What is the name of the structure separating the two atria?

A
  • Interatrial septum
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21
Q

What is the name of the structure separating the two ventricles?

A
  • Interventricular septum
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22
Q

The position of the interventricular septum is marked externally by which structure?

A
  • Interventricular sulcus
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23
Q

What is the name of the vessel which drains the body superior to the heart?

A
  • Superior vena cava
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24
Q

What is the name of the vessel that drains the body inferior to the heart ?

A
  • Inferior vena cava
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25
Q

What is the name of the vessel which drains blood which has been supplying the muscle of the heart with oxygen and nutrients?

A
  • Coronary sinus
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26
Q

Through which vessel does blood leave the right ventricle?

A
  • Pulmonary trunk
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27
Q

The pulmonary trunk divides into how many vessels?

A

4

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28
Q

What vessels does the pulmonary trunk divide to form?

A

Superior and inferior, left and right pulmonary arteries

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29
Q

Blood leaves the left ventricle by which vessel?

A
  • Ascending aorta
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30
Q

Which vessels branch from the aorta to take blood to the muscle of the heart?

A
  • Left and right coronary arteries
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31
Q

Via which vessels is blood supplied to the body from the heart?

A
  • Aortic arch

- Descending aorta

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32
Q

Which of the atrioventricular valves is bicuspid?

A
  • Left
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33
Q

What is another name for the bicuspid valve?

A
  • Mitral valve
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34
Q

Which atrioventricular valve has 3 flaps?

A
  • Right
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35
Q

What structures prevent the heart valves from everting and leaking?

A
  • Chordae Tendinae
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36
Q

What muscles control the length of the Chordae Tendinae in the heart?

A
  • Papillary muscles
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37
Q

The length of the Chordae Tendinae is varied by the papillary muscles as what varies?

A
  • Stroke volume
38
Q

Where are Semilunar valves found?

A
  • Aorta

- Pulmonary artery

39
Q

How many flaps do the semilunar valves have?

A

3

40
Q

What is the role of the semilunar valves?

A
  • Prevents backflow of blood to ventricles during diastole
41
Q

What vessels supply the tissue of blood vessels with oxygen and nutrients?

A
  • Vasa vasorum
42
Q

Is the pulmonary blood system under high pressure or low pressure?

A
  • Low pressure
43
Q

Is the systemic system under high pressure or low pressure?

A
  • High pressure
44
Q

What vessel takes nutrients absorbed in the gut to the liver for processing?

A
  • Hepatic portal vein
45
Q

The descending aorta divides into two branches at the level of the 4th lumbar vertebrae to form what vessels?

A
  • Common iliac arteries
46
Q

What vessels return blood to the heart?

A
  • Superior and inferior vena cava

- Coronary Sinus (From myocardium)

47
Q

What major vessels arise from the aorta?

A
  • 2 coronary arteries
  • Ascending aorta
  • Aortic arch
  • Brachiocephalic trunk
  • Right common carotid
  • Right vertebral artery
  • Right subclavian artery
  • Left common carotid
  • Left Subclavian
48
Q

What structures does the Brachiocephalic trunk supply?

A
  • Right arm

- Right side of head

49
Q

What does the right common carotid artery branch to form?

A
  • Internal carotid artery

- External carotid artery

50
Q

What structure on the vertebra does the vertebral artery pass through?

A
  • Vertebral foramen
51
Q

The right subclavian artery branches in to what artery?

A
  • Right axillary artery
52
Q

The right axillary artery supplies what body part?

A
  • The right arm
53
Q

What does the right axillary artery go on to form?

A
  • The right brachial artery
54
Q

The right brachial artery branches to form which two vessels?

A
  • Radial artery

- Ulnar artery

55
Q

The Right subclavian artery successively leads into other vessels? What are the names of the vessels that these become?

A
  • Right subclavian artery
  • Right axillary artery
  • Right brachial artery
  • Right radial artery and right ulnar artery
56
Q

Name the three vessels which branch directly from the aortic arch going from right to left.

A
  • Right Brachiocephalic trunk
  • Left common carotid artery
  • Left subclavian artery
57
Q

What does the left subclavian artery branch to form?

A
  • Left vertebral artery

- Left axillary artery

58
Q

A number of small arteries arise from the thoracic aorta, they are divided into visceral and parietal.
What are the visceral arteries ?

A
  • Pericardial
  • Bronchial (1 right, 2 left)
  • Oesophageal
59
Q

A number of small arteries arise from the thoracic aorta, they are divided into visceral and parietal.
What are the parietal arteries ?

A
  • Posterior intercostal
  • Subcostal
  • Superior phrenic
60
Q

Which is the first artery to divide from the abdominal aorta?

A
  • Celiac artery
61
Q

The celiac artery subdivides to form 3 arteries, name these.

A
  • Left gastric
  • Common hepatic
  • Splenic
62
Q

What organs does the left gastric artery supply?

A
  • Stomach

- Oesophagus

63
Q

The Common hepatic artery divides to form 3 branches, name these.

A
  • Right gastric artery
  • Hepatic artery
  • Gastroduodenal artery
64
Q

What organs does the right gastric artery supply?

A
  • Stomach

- Duodenum

65
Q

What organs does the Hepatic artery supply?

A
  • Liver

- Gall bladder

66
Q

What organs does the Gastroduodenal artery supply?

A
  • Stomach
  • Duodenum
  • Pancreas
67
Q

The splenic artery has 3 main branches, name these.

A
  • Left gastroepiploic artery
  • Short gastric artery
  • Pancreatic artery
68
Q

What organs does the Gastroepiploic artery supply?

A
  • Stomach

- Greater omentum

69
Q

What organ does the short gastric artery supply?

A
  • Stomach
70
Q

The second vessel to branch of the abdominal aorta is the Superior Menteric artery. What organs does this supply?

A
  • Stomach
  • Pancreas
  • Duodenum
  • Jejunum
  • Ileum
  • Colon
71
Q

After the superior mesenteric artery what are the next 3 vessels to branch of from the abdominal aorta?

A
  • Suprarenal arteries (left and right)
  • Renal arteries (left and right)
  • Gonadal arteries
72
Q

What organs does the suprarenal artery supply?

A
  • Adrenal glands
73
Q

What organs does the renal arteries supply?

A
  • The kidneys
74
Q

What organs does the gonadal arteries supply?

A
  • Ovaries or testes
75
Q

In descending order which visceral arteries branch from the abdominal aorta?

A
  • Celiac
  • Superior Mesenteric
  • Suprarenal
  • Renal
  • Gonadal
  • Inferior Mesenteric
76
Q

What organs does the inferior mesenteric artery supply?

A
  • Colon

- Rectum

77
Q

Name the visceral blood vessels of the abdominal aorta.

A
  • Celiac
  • Superior Mesenteric
  • Suprarenal
  • Renal
  • Gonadal
  • Inferior Mesenteric
78
Q

Name the parietal arteries which branch from the abdominal aorta.

A
  • Inferior phrenic artery
  • Lumbar arteries
  • Medial sacral artery
79
Q

What organs does the phrenic artery supply?

A
  • Diaphragm

- Adrenals

80
Q

What does the lumbar artery supply?

A
  • Lumbar spinal cord
81
Q

What structures does the medial sacral artery supply?

A
  • Sacrum
  • Coccyx
  • Rectum
82
Q

The common iliac artery supplies the legs and successively forms which vessels?

A
  • Common iliac artery
  • External iliac artery
  • Femoral artery
83
Q

What vessels do most of the body’s organs drain into ?

A
  • Superior vena cava

- Inferior vena cava

84
Q

Which 2 vessels drain the head of blood?

A
  • Internal Jugular vein

- External Jugular vein

85
Q

What vessel does the external Jugular and Internal Jugular vein join with?

A
  • Subclavian vein
86
Q

The subclavian vein goes on to form which vessel?

A
  • Brachiocephalic vein
87
Q

Which blood vessels drain the gut (Stomach, small and large intestines)?

A
  • Splenic vein
  • Superior mesenteric vein
  • Inferior mesenteric vein
88
Q

What 3 vessels combine to form the hepatic portal vein?

A
  • Splenic vein
  • Superior mesenteric vein
  • Inferior mesenteric vein
89
Q

Which blood vessel drains the liver of blood?

A
  • Hepatic vein
90
Q

Blood from the hepatic vein drains into which vessel ?

A
  • Inferior vena cava
91
Q

Which 3 vessels branch off the aortic arch?

A
  • Brachiocephalic trunk
  • Left common carotid artery
  • Left subclavian artery

Anatomy (17 decks)

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