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Anatomy > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What 6 structures make up the respiratory system?

A
  • Nose
  • Pharynx
  • Larynx
  • Trachea
  • Bronchi
  • Lungs
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2
Q

What is pulmonary ventilation?

A
  • Movement of air in and out of the lungs
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3
Q

What is External (Pulmonary) respiration?

A
  • Gaseous exchange between the lungs and the blood
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4
Q

What is Internal (Tissue) respiration?

A
  • Gaseous exchange between blood and the cells
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5
Q

What structures belong to the upper respiratory system?

A
  • Nose

- Pharynx

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6
Q

What structures belong to the lower respiratory system?

A
  • Larynx
  • Trachea
  • Bronchi
  • Lungs
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7
Q

What is another name for the conducting portion of the respiratory system?

A
  • Dead space
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8
Q

Which areas belong to the conducting portion of the respiratory system?

A

The nose to the terminal bronchioles

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9
Q

Which structures belong to the respiratory portion of the respiratory system?

A

Respiratory broncholes to alveoli

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10
Q

The nose is made up of which 2 tissues?

A
  • Bone

- Hyaline cartilage

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11
Q

What is another name for the nostrils?

A
  • External nares
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12
Q

The Internal nose extends between which two structures?

A

Internal nares to pharynx

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13
Q

What bones make up the internal nose?

A
  • Ethmoid
  • Maxillae
  • Palatine
  • Lacrimal
  • Nasal concha
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14
Q

The partition separating the nasal cavity is called what?

A
  • Nasal septum
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15
Q

In the anterior of the nasal cavity the vestibule is lined with what?

A
  • Coarse hairs
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16
Q

The Anterior nasal cavity contains what meatuses?

A
  • Superior Meatuses
  • Middle Meatuses
  • Inferior Meatuses
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17
Q

What is the function of the cilia lining the respiratory tract?

A
  • Move mucous/dust towards the pharynx
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18
Q

How long is the pharynx?

A

13 cm

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19
Q

Where does the pharynx extend from/to?

A

Internal nares to the larynx

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20
Q

Where is the pharynx found?

A
  • Posterior to the nasal and oral cavity and larynx
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21
Q

The pharynx is made up of 3 areas, name these.

A
  • Nasopharynx
  • Oropharynx
  • Laryngopharynx
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22
Q

The Nasopharynx extends from the choanae to the soft palate and has 4 openings in its walls. Name these.

A
  • Internal nares (2)

- Eustacian tubes (2)

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23
Q

The Oropharynx extends between which two structures, name these.

A
  • Soft palate

- Epiglottis

24
Q

The Oropharynx has one opening, what is this?

A
  • Throat
25
Q

The Laryngopharynx extends between which two structures, name these.

A
  • Epiglottis

- Cricoid cartilage

26
Q

The larynx connects which two structures?

A
  • Pharynx

- Trachea

27
Q

How many cartilage pieces does the larynx have, and how are they organised ?

A
  • 9
  • 3 Single
  • 3 Paired
28
Q

Name the 3 single cartilage pieces found in the larynx.

A
  • Thyroid cartilage
  • Epiglottis
  • Cricoid cartilage
29
Q

Name the 3 paired cartilage pieces found in the larynx.

A
  • Arytenoid
  • Coniculate
  • Cuneiform
30
Q

The larynx is anterior to which cervical vertebrae?

A

C4 - C5

31
Q

What size is the trachea?

A
  • 12 cm long

- 2.5 cm diameter

32
Q

Where is the trachea found?

A
  • Anterior to the oesophagus

- Extending from larynx to T5

33
Q

At what area does the trachea split into bronchi?

A

The carina

34
Q

How many layers make up the trachea?

A

4

35
Q

Name the 4 layers of the trachea.

A
  • Mucosa
  • Submucosa
  • Hyaline cartilage
  • Adventitia
36
Q

What cells/structures are found in the mucosal layer of the trachea?

A
  • Pseudostratified columnar epithelia with cilia

- Goblet cells

37
Q

What is the function of the cilia found on the mucosal epithelia of the trachea?

A
  • Move mucous up to the pharynx
38
Q

The submucosa of the trachea is made up of what type of tissue and what glands does it contain?

A
  • Loose connective tissue

- Seromucous glands

39
Q

The hyaline cartilage layer of the trachea contains which muscle ?

A
  • trachealis muscle
40
Q

How many c-shaped cartilage rings are found in the hyaline cartilage layer of the trachea?

A

16-20

41
Q

What type of tissue is found in the adventitia layer of the trachea?

A
  • Areaolar connective tissue
42
Q

What is the function of the adventitia layer of the trachea?

A
  • Binds trachea to other organs
43
Q

How many lobes does the left lung have?

A

2

44
Q

How many lobes does the right lung have?

A

3

45
Q

State how the bronchial tree branches through the lung.

A
  • Trachea
  • Right & left primary Bronchus
  • Secondary (lobar) bronchi
  • Tertiary (segmental bronchi)
  • Bronchioles
  • Terminal bronchioles
46
Q

How many tertiary (segmental) bronchi are there in each lung?

A

10

47
Q

The lungs are surrounded by what membrane?

A
  • Pleural membrane
48
Q

The pleural membrane is made up of two layers, name these.

A
  • Parietal pleural membrane

- Visceral Pleural membrane

49
Q

What is the cavity between the parietal and visceral pleural membrane called?

A
  • Pleural cavity
50
Q

The right lung has two fissures, what are these called?

A
  • Oblique Fissue

- Horizontal fissure

51
Q

The left lung only has one fissure, what is this called?

A
  • Oblique fissure
52
Q

What enters the lungs at the hilus?

A
  • Blood vessels

- Airways

53
Q

What cell type line respiratory bronchioles?

A
  • Simple squamous epithelium
54
Q

What is an alveolar sac?

A
  • Two or more alveoli shharing a common opening.
55
Q

Name the muscles of inspiration.

A
  • Sternocleidomastoid
  • Scalenes
  • External Intercostals
  • Internal Intercostals
56
Q

Name the accessory muscles involved with inspiration.

A
  • Sternocleidomastoid

- Scalenes

57
Q

Name the muscles of expiration.

A
  • Internal Intercostals
  • External oblique
  • Internal oblique
  • Rectus abdominus
  • Transversus abdominus

Anatomy (17 decks)

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