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Anatomy > Reproductive system > Flashcards

Reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

The organs of reproduction can be grouped into 4 groups according to function. What are these groups?

A
  • Gonads (Ovaries & Testes) - Produce gametes and hormones
  • Ducts - Receive and store gametes
  • Accessory sex glands - produce secretion which support gametes
  • Supporting structure - other roles (eg. penis)
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2
Q

The scrotum is externally divided by what ?

A
  • Scrotal raphe
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3
Q

The scrotum is internally divided by what?

A
  • Septum
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4
Q

The scrotum regulates the temperature of the testes to how many degrees below normal body temperature?

A
  • 3 degrees below normal body temperature
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5
Q

What muscle elevates the testes during sex or when it is cold?

A
  • Cremaster muscle
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6
Q

The testes develop in the body cavity and descend via which canal during the 7th month of gestation?

A
  • Inguinal canal
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7
Q

What is the name of the serous membrane covering each testicle??

A
  • Tunica vaginalis
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8
Q

What structure divides each testicle into 200-300 lobules?

A
  • Tunica albuginea?
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9
Q

What does each lobule in the testicle contain?

A

1-3 tightly coiled seminiferous tubules

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10
Q

Where are spermatozoa formed?

A
  • Seminiferous tubules
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11
Q

After spermatozoa have been formed they leave the testes and enter what structure?

A
  • Ductus epididymus
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12
Q

How long is the epididymus?

A
  • 6 metres
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13
Q

Where is the epididymus found?

A
  • Superior border of the testes
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14
Q

How long are spermatazoa stored and matured in the epididymus?

A

1 month

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15
Q

What is the fate of spermatazoa in the epididymus?

A
  • Propelled out by peristalsis

- Degenerate and are absorbed

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16
Q

At the tail of the epididymus the duct joins what structure?

A
  • Vas deferens
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17
Q

How long are the vas deferens?

A

45 cm

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18
Q

What path does the vas deferens take on its way to the urethra?

A
  • Inguinal canal
  • Pelvic cavity
  • Loops over ureter and down to bladder
  • Uretha
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19
Q

Name the male accessory sex glands.

A
  • Seminal vesicles (x2)
  • Prostate gland
  • Cowper’s glands (x2)
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20
Q

The male accessory sex glands secrete what percentage of the liquid part of semen

A

60%

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21
Q

Where are the seminal vesicles located?

A

Posterior to and at the base of the bladder

22
Q

Seminal fluid contains what substance which gives spermatazoa energy for ATP production?

A
  • Fructose
23
Q

What substances does seminal fluid contain?

A
  • Fructose
  • Prostaglandins
  • Clotting agent
  • Alkaline fluid
24
Q

What is function of the prostaglandins in seminal fluid?

A
  • Activate sperm

- Stimulate contractions in female tract

25
Q

What is the function of the clotting agent in seminal fluid?

A

Cause semen to clot inside female

26
Q

What is the function of the alkaline fluid in seminal fluid?

A
  • Neutralise acid secretion if female tract
27
Q

Where is the prostate gland found?

A

Around the base of the urethra

28
Q

What shape and size is the prostate gland?

A
  • Doughnut shaped

- About the size of a chestnut

29
Q

The prostate gland produces what percentage of semen?

A

25%

30
Q

What does prostate secretions contain?

A
  • Proteolytic enzymes

- Citrate

31
Q

What is the functions of prostate secretions

A

Sperm motility and viability

32
Q

Where is the Cowper’s gland found?

A

Inferior to the prostate gland

33
Q

How big are the Cowper’s glands?

A

About the size of a pea

34
Q

What do the Cowper’s glands secrete?

A
  • Alkaline fluid

- Mucus

35
Q

Name the organs of the female reproductive system.

A
  • Ovaries
  • Fallopian tubes
  • Uterus
  • Vagina & external organs which constitute the vulva
  • Breasts
36
Q

Where are the ovaries found?

A
  • Upper pelvic cavity
  • Lateral to the uterus
  • Held by ligaments
37
Q

What do the ovaries produce?

A
  • Ova
  • Progesterone
  • Oestrogen
38
Q

What fibres terminate on the the ovarian arteries?

A
  • Sympathetic

- Parasympathetic

39
Q

Where are the fallopian tubes found?

A
  • Extending laterally from uterus to ovaries
40
Q

How long are the fallopian tubes?

A

10 cm

41
Q

The open tubes of the fallopian tubes terminate in a trumpet shaped structure, what is this called?

A
  • Infundibulum
42
Q

What are the finger like projections which extent from the infundibulum, one of which attaches to the ovary?

A
  • Fimbriae
43
Q

What type of cells line the fallopian tubes?

A
  • Ciliated columnar epithelium
44
Q

Other than Ciliated columnar epithelium, what other type of cell is found in the lining of the fallopian tubes.

A
  • Secretory cells with microvilli
45
Q

Where is the uterus located?

A
  • anterior to the rectum

- posterior to the bladder

46
Q

In a nulliparous woman what size and shape is the uterus?

A
  • 7.5 cm long, 5cm wide, 2 cm thick

- Inverted pear shaped

47
Q

The uterus can be divided into 3 regions what are these?

A
  • Fundus (above fallopian tubes)
  • body
  • Cervix (narrow neck)
48
Q

How long is the vagina?

A

10 cm

49
Q

What sort of tissue lines the vagina?

A
  • mucus membrane
50
Q

where is the vagina situated?

A
  • Anterior to the rectum

- Posterior to the bladder

51
Q

What is the name of the thin fold of vascularised membrane which may be situated at the vagina orifice?

A
  • Hymen
52
Q

What is the external female genitalia called?

A
  • Vulva

Anatomy (17 decks)

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