27022018 Flashcards
1
Q
Bioarchaeology
A
= Scientific study of human remains frm archaeological sites
- Can study a range of issues including:
1. Subsistence
2. Nutrition
3. Occupational stress
4. Biological profile of populations
5. Mobility (migration and interaction)
6. Cultural practices- Burial
- Body modification
2
Q
Body modification
A
- Cranial modification (in skull) @Tiwanaku society, Maya:
> Fronto-Occipital, Unmodified Skull, Annular - Dental modification @Saint Martin Dutch Caribbean
> Chipping, fining the upper incisors, removed
> Diff modifications > diff traditions > diff populations
3
Q
Hominins
A
- Humans + Human ancestors
4
Q
Hominins traditional classification
A
- Hominoidea > 1. Hominidae > Homo
> 2. Pongidae > Pan, Gorilla, Pongo
> 3. Hylobatidae > Hyiobates
5
Q
Hominins modern classification
A
- Hominoidea > 1. Hominidae > a. Homininae, b. Pongidae
> 2. Hylobatidae > Hylobatidae (Gibbon)
6
Q
***Txt bk P.60 in text (important!)
A
- 3-4 mya: Australopithecus afarensis - “Lucy”
- 2-3 mya: Australopithecus africanus - “Taung child” @ Cradle of Humankind
- 2.5 mya: Oldowan
- 1.65 mya: Early Acheulean
- 0.05-0.25 mya: Later Acheulean
(0. 25 = Middle Stone Age + Mousterian;- 05 = Later Stone Age + Upper Paleolithic)
7
Q
Taung child
A
= Australopithicus africanus
- Found by Raymond Dart in cave in South Africa
- Dart believed evidence of trauma on skeleton caused by intra-species violence
- Later, trauma matched to carnivore teeth, and location of remains found to be consistent with post-kill carnivore activity
8
Q
Australopithecus Sediba
A
- Ca. 2mya
- Dental calculus reveals plant phytoliths!
> Of grasses, fruits, leaves, and bark or wood fruit - Skeleton reveals bipedal, but tree climber
> Transitional species - Very genius Homo sapiens
- Rising Star Cave @Africa
9
Q
Rising Star Cave @Africa
A
Found:
- Homo naledi
- Sediba
