Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Cytogen > 2_LecVid > Flashcards

2_LecVid Flashcards

(66 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

• “Prenucleus”

A

PROKARYOTES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

• Chromosomes are not contained within a membrane bound nucleus of the cell

A

Prokaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Circular chromosome “______”

A

Nucleoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

•• “True nucleus”

A

EUKARYOTES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Chromosomes are located in the nucleus

A

EUKARYOTES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Linear chromosomes

A

Eukaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Size

Pro
Eu

A

Unicellular
Multicellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Nucleus

Pro
Eu

A

No true nucleus
DNA is suspended in the cytoplasm (nucleoid region)

Presence of nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

DNA

Pro
Eu

A

One circular DNA (plasmids)

Linear DNA
(coiled to form chromosomes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Organelles

Pro
Eu

A

Absence of organelles

Presence of organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Examples

Pro
Eu

A

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists, Humans, Plants, Fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

is a chemical which stores the genetic information of an organism

A

DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

are encoded for different proteins

A

Genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Determines many functions such as gene regulation

A

DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Determine the traits of an organism

A

Genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A long chain polynucleotide

A

DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Small stretches of DNA

A

Gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Not the only genetic material shared by organisms

A

DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Made up of either DNA or RNA

A

Genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q
  • coiled DNA strands to basic proteins called histone
A

Chromatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Present in metabolically active cells

A

Chromatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q
  • Chromatin that has undergone further condensation
A

Chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Present in actively dividing cells

A

Chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

2 types of chromatin:

A

Heterochromatin
Euchromatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
• dense clumps under light microscope • Tightly coiled around histones • Not used by the cell
Heterochromatin
26
• Less coiled portion of the chromosomes, finely granular material electron microscope and lightly stained basophilic areas
Euchromatin
27
•Contain the genetic material Consists of DNA, proteins, and small amount of RNA
CHROMOSOMES
28
•Essential parts of chromosomes:
Telomeres Origin of replication sites Centromeres
29
• Tightly packaged DNA • Found only during cell division • DNA is not being us for macromolecule synthesis
Chromosomes
30
• Unwound DNA • Found throughout Interphase • OVA is being used for macromolecule synthesis
Chromatin
31
•Chromosome consists of 2 parallel strands called
chromatids
32
•Chromosome tips •Shorten with each mitotic cell division
TELOMERES
33
•Protects the chromosome during cell division from deterioration
TELOMERES
34
Telomeres contains______ sequence
TTAGGG
35
•Largest constriction of a chromosome
CENTROMERE
36
•Spindle fibers are attach when cell divides DNA and protein
Centromere
37
MORPHOLOGIC TYPES OF CHROMOSOMES MSAT
Metacentric Submetacentric Acrocentric Telocentric
38
-If centromere is in the middle, and the arms are about of equal length
Metacentric
39
-If the centromere is between the midpoint and one end
Submetacentric
40
-If it is near one end
Acrocentric
41
- If it is at the end
Telocentric
42
Germ line (germ cells) Haploid
23 chromosomes (n) in human
43
Somatic cells Diploid
46 chromosomes (2n) in human
44
•Has two sets of chromosomes or 46 chromosomes
DIPLOID CELLS
45
DIPLOID CELLS •Pair of chromosomes are
homologs
46
•Identical size, same banding pattern, and similar composition of genetic material
Diploid cells
47
•Displays chromosomes in pairs by size and physical landmarks that appear during mitotic phase
KARYOTYPE
48
23 human chromosomes are numbered from largest to smallest-1 to 22 and other two are the X and Y
Karyotype
49
KARYOTYPE •The first 22 pair of chromosome are called
autosomes
50
•The last pair of chromosomes is called
sex chromosomes (XX and XY)
51
A______ displays chromosome pairs in size order. Note the extra chromosome 21 that causes______
karyotype trisomy 21 Down syndrome
52
•Process by which the information encoded in a gene is used to direct the assembly of a protein molecule.
GENE EXPRESSION
53
Control of gene expression:
• Chromatin remodeling • microRNAs
54
•Enzymes add or deleted in small organic chemical groups to histones
•Chromatin remodeling
55
•Three major types of small molecules that bind to histones:
-acetyl groups -methyl groups -phosphate groups
56
attracts the enzyme (acetylase) that adds acetyl groups to specific lysines on specific histones this promotes transcription
Enhanceosome
57
attracts the enzyme (acetylase) that adds acetyl groups to specific lysines on specific histones this promotes transcription
Enhanceosome
58
remove acetyl groups, which shuts off gene expression.
Deacetylases
59
remove acetyl groups, which shuts off gene expression.
Deacetylases
60
________allow transcription to begin. Once acetyl groups are added to particular amino acids in the tails of certain histones, the TATA box becomes accessible to transcription factors. H3 and H4 are histone types.
Acetylated histones
61
_ binds to a specific amino acid in a specific histone type, a protein is attracted that shuts the DNA off
Methyl group CH3
62
control gene expression by binding to cytosine
•Methyl groups
63
•noncoding RNAs binds to initial control regions of a particular set of mRNAs
MicroRNAs
64
•when a microRNA binds a "target" mRNA, it prevents_____.
translation
65
has many targets, it effectively controls the expression of sets of genes at a time
microRNA
66
______opens to allow transcription factors to bind, whereas_____ bind to specific mRNAs, blocking their translation into protein.
Chromatin microNAs

Cytogen (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions