3-B Lungs

Question 1

Name the 3 pleural subdivisions.

Answer 1

costal, mediastinal, and diaphragmatic

Question 2

Where is the costodiaphragmatic recess and name its corresponding recess.

Answer 2

inferior of the lung, where the costal and diaphragmatic pleurae reflect on each other; costophrenic angle

Question 3

Where is the costomediastinal recess and name its corresponding angle.

Answer 3

anterior and left of the mediastium where the costal and mediastinal pleura meet; cardiophrenic angle

Question 4

Describe the location of the lungs and pleural cavity at the midclavicular, midaxillary and paravertebral lines.

Answer 4

6,8,10 for the lungs and 8,10,12 for the pleural cavity

Question 5

Describe the right lung lobes and fissures.

Answer 5

superior and middle lobes are separated by the horizontal fissue and the middle and inferior lobes are separated by the oblique fissure

Question 6

Describe the lobes and fissures of the left lung

Answer 6

the upper and lower lobes are separated by the oblique fissure; upper lobe contains the projection known as the lingula

Question 7

Explain the purpose and technique for performing a thoracentis

Answer 7

Accumulation of fluid or air in the pleural space will cause respiratory insufficiency because the lung will not be able to expand normally, For removal of fluid from the costodiaphragmatic recess: at the midaxillary line insert a needle in the 8th or 9th intercostal space,iii. Physician use large gage, long needle, pushing through intercostal muscle onto the rib then pushes the needle up over the top of the rib to avoid the neurovascular bundle

Question 8

Describe the relative position of the pulmonary artery to the primary bronchus in either lung

Answer 8

RALS, right anterior, left superior

Question 9

Where in the hilus are pulmonary veins generally found?

Answer 9

inferior

Question 10

What supllies oxygenated blood to the lung?

Answer 10

bronchial arteries

Question 11

Describe bronchopulmonary segments.

Answer 11

segments supplied by tertiary bronchi as independent anatomical and functional units that can be surgically removed with damaging adjacent sements

Question 12

Are pulmonary arterial branches and pulmonary veins intra or inter segmental?

Answer 12

arterial branches are intrasegmental and veins are inter segmental

Question 13

Explain the purpose and technique for inserting a chest tube

Answer 13

Chest tubes are left for a period of time to continually drain accumulating fluid, blood or air, common site is the 5th or 6th intercostal space at the midaxillary line, inserted usinga trochar and cannula and secured with a purse-string suture

Question 14

Describe the route of the trachea in the superior mediastinum

Answer 14

trachea begins in the neck at the inferior margin of the larynx immediately anterior to the esophagus and bifurcates into the left and right main bronchi (carina) below the aorta

Question 15

Contrast the right and left main bronchi

Answer 15

right main bronchus is shorter, wider and oriented more vertically while the left turns left, is longer and skinnier

Question 16

Describe the lymphatic drainage from the lungs

Answer 16

deep lymphatic channels follow the bronchi and pulmonary vessels to the hilus of the lung, flowing through pulmonary nodes andbronchopulmonary nodes. Lymph leaves the lung traveling superiorly along the trachea to the main right and left lymphatic ducts (metastasis of lung carcinoma often causes englargement of supraclavicular nodes)

Question 17

The bifurcation of the trachea occurs at what vertebral level; What covers the trachea anteriorly?

Answer 17

T5, fibers of the cardiopulmonary plexus of nerves

Question 18

What types of fibers are in the cardiopulmonary plexus?

Answer 18

sympathetic, parasympathetic and sensory fibers

Question 19

Branches of what nerve complex are found in the hilus of the lung

Answer 19

branches of the pulmonary plexus of nerves

Question 20

Bronchial arteries and veins are branches of what other vessels

Answer 20

aorta and azygos

Question 21

The region of lung aerated by a tertiary bronchus is called a ___

Answer 21

bronchopulmonary segment

Question 22

The large node that you see in the hilus of the lung?

Answer 22

bronchopulmonary nodes