3-H Heart Gross Anatomy 1

Question 1

Describe the superior margin of the heart on an adult

Answer 1

a line between the left 2nd and right 3rd costal cartilages

Question 2

Describe the right border of the adult heart

Answer 2

.5 inch righ of the sternum between the 3rd and 6th costal cartilages

Question 3

Describe the inferior border of the adult heart

Answer 3

line between the right 6th and left 5th intercostal space, about 3.5 inches to the left of the sternum

Question 4

Describe the left border of the adult heart

Answer 4

line connecting the 2nd and 5th intercostal spaces, 2-3 inches from the left border of the sternum

Question 5

Describe connective tissue of the parietal pericardium

Answer 5

dense connective tissue called the fibrous pericardium

Question 6

Describe cardiac tamponade

Answer 6

excess fluid in the pericardial sac (can’t distend and causes pressure on heart)

Question 7

Describe the path of the phrenic nerves as the travel inferiorly

Answer 7

phrenic nerves pass anterior to the heart and posterior to the pleural sacs on either side

Question 8

What forms where the perietal and visceral pericardium reflect aroundt eh major info and out flow of vessels of the heart

Answer 8

pericardial sinuses

Question 9

Where is the oblique cardiac sinus located?

Answer 9

posterior to the heart where the pericardium reflects the inflow vessels

Question 10

Describe the position of the transverse cardiac sinus.

Answer 10

this sinus separates the outflow and inflow vessels across the superior border of the heart

Question 11

Describe the purpose of a pericardiocentesis.

Answer 11

relieve the “strangulated” heart of pressure due to excess fluid build up in the pericardium.

Question 12

Describe the process of a pericardiocentesis

Answer 12

Anesthetic if possible, insert needle between the xiphoid process and left costal margin in a superior/posterior direction, Push needle thorough the chest wall and penetrate the central tendon, entering the pericardial sac

Question 13

Describe the nerve fiber content of the phrenic nerve and their respective functions.

Answer 13

post ganglionic sympathetic, somatomotor and sensory

Question 14

Function/Significance of the venae cavae

Answer 14

largest set of veins bringing deoxygenated blood back to the right atrium

Question 15

Function/significance of fossa ovalis

Answer 15

embryonic structure between the right and left atrium leaves a slight impression in the same spot of adults

Question 16

Function/significance of the pectinate muscles

Answer 16

help with efficient emptying of blood from atrium

Question 17

Function/significance of the atrioventricular valves

Answer 17

separate the atria and ventricles on either side of the heart (mitral and bicuspid)

Question 18

Chordae tendinae

Answer 18

tether the AV valves to the papillary muscles and prevent them from everting into the atria

Question 19

Papillary muscles

Answer 19

located in the ventricles, the contract and tighten the chordae tendianeae which tether the AV valves

Question 20

Which valves closing creates the “lub” sound

Answer 20

AV valves

Question 21

Which valves closing create the “dup” sound

Answer 21

semilunar valves

Question 22

trabeculae carnea

Answer 22

parallel ridged structures of the cardiac ventricle that help with the emptying of the heart

Question 23

septomargional band

Answer 23

strip of muscle in the right atrium that is part of the conduction system

Question 24

Name the semilunar valves that lead to the aorta and pulmonary trunk respectively

Answer 24

aortic and pulmonary valves