3-C Respiratory System

Question 1

What are the functions of the conducting v. respiratory portion of the respiratory system

Answer 1

conducting portion cleans, conditions and conducts while the repiratory portion functions as a point of gas exchange

Question 2

Describe the location and function of olfactory epithelium

Answer 2

in the roof of the nasal cavity, chemicals in the nasal cavity stimulate cranial nerve I; odor trapped in mucus is detected by olfactory hairs, leading ot an AP in the olfactory cells

Question 3

Name the 5 cell types found in the respiratory epithelium

Answer 3

cilliated columnar cells move mucus, goblet cells created mucus, brush cells fufill a sensory role, granule cells are endcrine cells and basal cells are stem cells

Question 4

Name the two primary cell types lining the respiratory epithelium

Answer 4

pseudostratified columnar with cillia and goblet cells

Question 5

Name three primary functions of conducting portion of the respiratory tract

Answer 5

cleaning it, warming it, humidifying it

Question 6

Why are tracheal rings incomplete near the esophagus?

Answer 6

smooth muscle in this segment can constrict bronchial diameter

Question 7

Describe the 3 layers of tracheal tissue

Answer 7

respiratory epithelium, lamina propria (seromucous glands, elastic fibers) and cartilage/smooth muscle layer

Question 8

T/F primary bronchi can be distinguished form trachea in histological sections?

Answer 8

FALSE

Question 9

Name two distinguishing characteristics of secondary intrapulmonary bronchi

Answer 9

irregular plates of cartilage, more porminent layer of smooth muscle

Question 10

Name 3 distinguishing characteristics of bronchioles

Answer 10

transition to simple epithelium, no cartilage, increaesd smooth muscle and many elastic fibers

Question 11

Name 6 distinguishing characteristics fo terminal bronchioles

Answer 11

simple ciliated cuboidal cells, no goblet cells, no seromucous glands, no cartilage and clara cells are present (secrete surfactant-like agent), smooth muscle is also present

Question 12

What are clara cells

Answer 12

non-ciliated dome shaped stem cells in bronchioles that secrete surfactant like agent

Question 13

Where does gas exchange first occur?

Answer 13

in respiratory bronchioles that lead into alveolar ducts

Question 14

What is an atria in the respiratory system?

Answer 14

entrance point to multiple alveoli

Question 15

Name 3 cell types found in alveoli

Answer 15

type I (gas exchange), type II (surfactant) alveolar macrophage (phagocytose debris)

Question 16

_______ fibers are abundant in the walls between alveoli

Answer 16

elastic fibers

Question 17

T/ F Alveoli have both resident and recruited macrophages depending on if the lung is fighting infection

Answer 17

TRUE

Question 18

Describe the layers of the air-blood barrier

Answer 18

from air to capillary side: surfactant, alveolar epithelium (type I cell), fused basal laminae, endotehlium of BV

Question 19

Why are elastic fibers important in emphysema

Answer 19

elastic fibers are ubiquitous from the trachea to the alveoli and they are important for elastic recoil. Emphysema breaks down elastic fibers so it takes as much energy to exhale as to inhale

Question 20

Name 3 common lung diseases

Answer 20

asthma, respiratory distress syndrome (infants) and lung cancer (squamous cell carcinoma)

Question 21

What is the first portion of the respiratory portion of respiratory tract?

Answer 21

respiratory bronchioles (or alveolar ducts)

Question 22

Name the large hairs found in the nose

Answer 22

vibrissae

Question 23

What type of epithelium line the nose (hint, its continuous with the skin of the face)

Answer 23

karatinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 24

What its the only part of the pharynx that is lined with respiratory epithelium

Answer 24

nasopharynx (the other compartments are lined by mucosal stratified squamous epithelium)

Question 25

While swallowing, is the epiglottis closed or open?

Answer 25

closed

Question 26

The vocal cords/ folds consist of what?

Answer 26

vocal ligaments covered by epithelium

Question 27

Lamina propria of the trachea contain what structures?

Answer 27

seromucous glands and elastic fibers

Question 28

What is the name of the muscle along the posterior wall of the trachea?

Answer 28

trachealis m.

Question 29

As you proceed toward the lungs ______ becomes a more prominent component in the wall of the airway (up until the respiratory alveolar)

Answer 29

smooth muscle

Question 30

What is another name for secondary bronchi?

Answer 30

intrapulmonary (have irregular plate of cartilage which differentiates them)

Question 31

When cartilage has disappeared, you know you have reached which level of the conducting respiratory tract?

Answer 31

bronchiole

Question 32

Terminal bronchioles are lined with ____ ____ epithelium with cilia but without goblet cells and also Clara cells

Answer 32

simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 33

Smooth muscle of the bronchi and bronchioles is innervated by what nerve fibers?

Answer 33

autonomic

Question 34

Most organelles in type I alveolar cells are found where?

Answer 34

packed around the nucleus Bonus: type I alveolar cells are bound to each other with tight junctions

Question 35

Name 5+ things found in the alveolar septum.

Answer 35

elastic fibers, collagen fibers, type II cells, type I and endothelia cell nuclei, fibroblasts, macrophages and occasional lymphatic vessels