3 - Limbic System (8)

Question 1

the limbic system is composed of the cingulate and parahippocampal gyri connected by _

Answer 1

cingulum

Question 2

structure responsible for memory and learning

Answer 2

hippocampus

Question 3

structure responsible for emotions and drive

Answer 3

amygdala

Question 4

structure responsible for reward mechanisms

Answer 4

septal nuclei

Question 5

structure responsible processing experiential memory (familiar smells)

Answer 5

entorhinal area

Question 6

the hyopthalamus is _ part of limbic system

Answer 6

functionally

Question 7

Afferents from the limbic system to hypthalamus influence _ activity, how so?

Answer 7

visceral; to emotions - clammy, sweating, when nervous

Question 8

major output center of hippocampus is called the _

Answer 8

hippocampus proper (white matter)

Question 9

part of hippocampus responsible for new memories?

process?

Answer 9

dentate gyrus

neurogenesis (formation of new neurons)

Question 10

amygdala is primarily associated with _

Answer 10

fear - phobias, PTSD

Question 11

which areas of associated with PTSD?

Answer 11

visual association areas, temporal areas

Question 12

3 distinct areas of amygdala:

Answer 12

1. basolateral 2. central 3. cortical medial

Question 13

which area of amygdala is responsible for emotional significance to stimuli?

Answer 13

basolateral

Question 14

which area of amygdala is responsible for responses to emotional stimuli?

Answer 14

central

Question 15

which area of amygdala receives olfactory info and emotional response to food?

Answer 15

cortical medial

Question 16

_ receives sensory dopaminergic projections from VTA;

plays role in _

Answer 16

septal nuclei;

reward and pleasure feelings

Question 17

connection between emotion and consciousness

Answer 17

papez circuit

Question 18

hippocampus -> mammillary bodies -> thalamus anterior nuclei -> cingulate cortex->”

Answer 18

papez circuit

Question 19

expanded papez circuit found _ to be a key area,

extensive connections with _

Answer 19

amygdala; hypothalamus and association area

Question 20

hippocampus is responsible for learning and formation of new memories: _ and _ memory

Answer 20

short and long term

Question 21

difference between explicit and implicit memory

Answer 21

both long term
explicit (declarative) - facts and events
implicit (non-declarative) not consciously accessible

Question 22

Alzheimer Disease

-loss of _

Answer 22

memory and cognitive function

Question 23

first areas where abnormalities occur with Alzheimers?

Answer 23

subiculum and entorhinal

Question 24

with Alzheimers, damage to _ accounts for memory deficits;

cognitive function loss comes later as widespread regions of cortex are damaged

Answer 24

hippocampus

Question 25

major role of amygdala

Answer 25

behavior and processing emotions - emotional learning/memories - fear and fear conditioning

Question 26

afferent cortex -> amygdala = _ significance

Answer 26

emotional

Question 27

efferents amygdala->hypothalamus=_

Answer 27

visceral response (HR, sweating, pupil dilation)

Question 28

efferents from amygdala ->DM nucleus of thalamus = projects to _

Answer 28

prefrontal cortex

Question 29

emotionally charged events (9/11) link _ to _

Answer 29

amygdala to hippocampus

Question 30

fear and fear conditioning is closely linked with _ -> _

Answer 30

temporal association areas, storage of long term memories

Question 31

fear conditioning, when neutral stimulus becomes associated with _

Answer 31

adverse event

Question 32

positie (reward) and negative (fear) have _ effects on our behavior

Answer 32

conscious and unconscious

Question 33

in reward circuitry, _ plays a key role

Answer 33

dopamine (VTA)

Question 34

in reward circuitry, all structures communicate with _

Answer 34

hypothalamus (visceral and endocrine)

Question 35

addiction all comes back to _

Answer 35

dopamine

Question 36

addictive substances activate dopaminergic neurons in the _

Answer 36

VTA

Question 37

chronic intake of addictive substances damages _ system

Answer 37

dopaminergic

Question 38

with addictive substances, dopaminergic receptors are _ regulated; this means?

Answer 38

down | normal rewarding stimuli no longer have effect, increased intake to get feelings

Question 39

dopamine signals _ (!!)

Answer 39

saliency

Question 40

non-drug related stimuli take on _ saliency | drug stimuli take on _ saliency

Answer 40

decreased | increased

Question 41

drug stimuli activate PFC resulting in _

Answer 41

cravings and drug seeking behaviors; no longer able to inhibit the drive to seek drugs

Question 42

When we experience anxiety or fear, several autonomic processes are triggered - our heart rate increases, we sweat, our pupils dilate, our stomach may even feel queasy. Which structure is responsible for the connection between our autonomic nervous system and our emotions?

Answer 42

hypothalamus

Question 43

with addicition, _ loses ability to conrol behaviors related to drug seeking

Answer 43

prefrontal cortex