Diencephalon

Question 1

gate keeper to cortex (except smell)

Answer 1

thalamus

Question 2

what thalamic nuclei is responsible for sensory information from the body?

Answer 2

VPL (ventral posterior nucleus lateral)

Question 3

what thalami nuclei is responsible for sensory information from the face?

Answer 3

VPM (ventral posterior nucleus medial)

Question 4

what thalamic nucleus is close to the VPN and is responsible for auditory sensory information?

Answer 4

medial geniculate nucleus

Question 5

auditory information synapses in cochlear nuclei then in inferior colliculus then projects to _

Answer 5

MGN

Question 6

what thalamic nucleus is responsible for the visual pathway?

Answer 6

LGN

Question 7

LGN has 6 layers: _ magnocellular, _ parvocellular

Answer 7

2, 4

Question 8

ipsilateral temporal retinal fibers synapse in layers (#3) of LGN?

Answer 8

2, 3, 5

Question 9

contralateral nasal retinal fibers synapse in layers (#3) of LGN?

Answer 9

1, 4, 6

Question 10

LGN:vision :: MGN:_

Answer 10

auditory

Question 11

which 2 nuclei are for motor relay?

Answer 11

VA and VL (ventral anterior and lateral)

Question 12

VA and VL input comes from? and projects to?

Answer 12

basal ganglia and cerebellum; primary motor and motor association areas

Question 13

motor relay nuclei (VA and VL) operate by _

Answer 13

tonic inhibition

Question 14

what is tonic inhibition?

Answer 14

thalamus is always inhibited

• if you inhibit thalamus - info in relayed
• if you excite thalamus - inhibition is strengthened

Question 15

pulvinar nucleus has connections in what?

Answer 15

frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital association areas

Question 16

one of the main functions of the pulvinar nucleus is what?

Answer 16

vision processing

Question 17

pulvinar (vision processing) receives input from? and then integrates the information with other cortical areas by?

Answer 17

retina and primary visual cortex; 
visual salience (is this important) and working visual memory

Question 18

pulvinar in also involved in _ processing

Answer 18

auditory

Question 19

pulvinar (auditory) has connections with _ gyrus, and is involved with auditory _ memory

Answer 19

superior temporal;

short-term

Question 20

hypothalamus is anatomically: _

and functionally: _

Answer 20

diencephalon; limbic system

Question 21

external anterior and lateral boundaries of hypothalamus:

Answer 21

optic chiasm, optic tracts

Question 22

is body temperature increases, _hypothalamus receives signal

Answer 22

anterior

Question 23

when body temp ^, anterior hypothalamus sends signal to (2)?

Answer 23

ANS - vasodilation, sweating, decreased metabolic rate

cortex (conscious) - open windows, strip layers

Question 24

when body temp decreases, _ hypothalamus receives signal

Answer 24

anterior and shifts control to posterior hypothalmus

Question 25

when body temp dec, posterior hypothalamus sends signal to (2)?

Answer 25

ANS - vasoconstriction, shivering, inc metabolic rate | cortex (conscious) - close windows, put on warm clothes

Question 26

if there is a lesion to anterior hypothalamus, there is a loss of _ mechanisms

Answer 26

heat loss - hyPERthermia

Question 27

if there is a lesion to posterior hypothalamus, there is a loss of _ mechanisms

Answer 27

heat gain - hyPOthermia

Question 28

if large bilateral lesion, what happens with body temperature?

Answer 28

poikilothermia - can't regulate, like a reptile, varies withe external environment

Question 29

which 2 areas regulate food intake?

Answer 29

medial(inhibit eating/drinking) and lateral (initiate eating/drinking)

Question 30

for food intake: lateral region signals "_" | medial region signals "_"

Answer 30

hunger/feeding; satiety

Question 31

if lesions to lateral hypothalamus, loss of _ center (re food), resulting in _

Answer 31

feeding center - anorexia

Question 32

if lesions to medial hypothalamus, loss of _ center (re food), resulting in _

Answer 32

satiety center - obesity

Question 33

stimulation of _ and _ hypothalamus induce drinking

Answer 33

lateral and anterior

Question 34

diabetes insidipus has to do with lesion to _, resulting in _

Answer 34

posterior lobe of pituitary lesion, inadequate output of ADH - pee all the time

Question 35

circadian rhythms and sleep-wake cycle is regulated by _ nucleus (in which area of hypothalamus)

Answer 35

suprachiasmal nucleus (anterior)

Question 36

suprachiasal neuron's activity is modulated by input via _ (ex: _)

Answer 36

retinohypothalamic tract (light input from retina)

Question 37

SCN project to (4)?

Answer 37

pineal - melatonin pituitary - circadian hormone fluctuations ANS - gut signals cortex - conscious behaviors

Question 38

m. anterior region is responsible for: heat_ _ activity sleep

Answer 38

loss | parasympathetic

Question 39

m. anterior region is responsible for _ rhythms releasing/inhibiting _ parvo/magnocellular cells

Answer 39

circadian | hormones

Question 40

medial middle region is responsible for: _ behavior _ eating and drinking/_

Answer 40

emotional | inhibit/satiety

Question 41

m. posterior region is responsible for: heat _ _activity arousal/_

Answer 41

gain/conservation sympathetic wakefulness

Question 42

m. posterior region is responsible for | _ of memory

Answer 42

consolidation

Question 43

lateral region is reponsible for | _ eating and drinking

Answer 43

initiate

Question 44

_ dictate production and secretion in long feedback loops

Answer 44

plasma hormone levels

Question 45

_ dictate production and secretion in short feedback loops

Answer 45

direct communication from pituitary to hypothalamus