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Neuroanatomy > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

(90 cards)

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1
Q

CN I, II, III, IV

A

olfactory
optic
oculomotor
trochlear

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2
Q

CN V, VI, VII, VIII

A

trigeminal
abducens
facial
vestibulocochlear

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3
Q

CN IX, X, XI, XII

A

glossopharyngeal
vagus
accessory
hypoglossal

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4
Q

ocular group includes what nerves?

A

II, III, IV, VI

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5
Q

CN II: _
component:
function:
opening in skull:

A

optic nerve
sensory
vision
optic canal

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6
Q

3 ways to test CN II?

A

VA, visual fields, pupils

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7
Q

afferent pupil pathway?

A

retina - optic nerve - chiasm (hemidecussate) - optic tract - pretectal nucleus (hemidecussate) - EW nucleus

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8
Q

efferent pupil pathway?

A

EW nucleus, CN III superior divison - CG - sphincter muscle (constriction)

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9
Q

Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect
sign?
tested how?
results?

A

asymmetric pupils
swinging flashlight test
BOTH eyes dilate when light is shown to effected eye
when shown to the unaffected eye, both eyes constrict

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10
Q

Light-Near Dissociation
lesion where?
pupils respond to what?
pupils don’t respond to what?

A

dorsal midbrain/ pretectal nucleus
- response to light (fibers from pretectal to EW)
+ response to near (fibers from frontal eye fields to EW)

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11
Q

visual body reflex is driven by CN II,

route?

A

visual pathway to superior colliculus - tectobulbar/ tectospinal tracts - motor neurons in anterior gray column os SC and CN motor nuclei

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12
Q 
CN III: _
component:
functions:
-
-
-
opening in skull:
A 
oculomotor
motor
innervates SR, MR, IR, IO
parasympathetic pupil innervation
parasympathetic accommodation stimulation
levator muscle
superior orbital fissure
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13
Q

CN III nerve nuclei? (2)

A

main motor nucleus

accessory parasympathetic nucleus (EW nucleus)

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14
Q

main motor nucleus

  • groups of nerve cells that innervate _
  • efferent fibers pass through _ nucleus and emerge from _ portion of midbrain
A

EOMs
red
anterior

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15
Q

main motor nucleus receives information from _ _ _

A

both cerebral hemispheres (including frontal eye fields)
super colliculus/pretectal nucleus
medial longitudinal folliculus

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16
Q

accessory parasympathetic nucleus

A

??????

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17
Q

course of oculomotor nerve?

A

anterior midbrain - posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar arteries - cavernous sinus - superior orbital fissure - superior and inferior rami

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18
Q

superior rami of CN III:

inferior rami of CN III:

A

levator, SR

MR, IO, parasympathetic, IR

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19
Q

CN IV: _
component: _
function: _
opening in skull: _

A

trochlear
motor
moves eye down and laterally, innervates SO
superior orbital fissure

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20
Q

course of trochlear nerve?

A

posterior midbrain - (immediately decussates) - cavernous sinus - superior orbital fissure

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21
Q

superior oblique actions

A

incyclotorsion

depression

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22
Q

trochlear nucleus is located _
immediate _
receives information from _ _ _

A 
anterior to cerebral aqueduct
decussation
-both cerebral hemispheres
-superior colliculus 
-MLF
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23
Q

_ is the longest and thinnest nerve (it emerges from back of midbrain and wraps around to move anteriorly), therefore is most at risk for trauma

A

trochlear

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24
Q

CN VI: _
component: _
function: _, innervates _
opening in skull: _

A

abducens
motor
abduction, ipsilateral LR
superior orbital fissure

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25
abducens nucleus posterior portion of _ -near _ ventricle receives information from _ _ _ _
``` pons 4th -MLF -both cerebral hemispheres -superior colliculus -CN VI - abducens nerve ```
26
abducens nerve exits brainstem anteriorly via _ travels atop _ to cavernous sinus to superior orbital fissure
pontine-medullary junction | petrous ridge
27
if there is damage to VI, there is often damage to _ too, because _
VII because facial nerve wraps around abducens nucleus
28
CN VI palsy: _ presentation? you must _ pressure from _ lobe pressing down and squeezing VI down on _
papilledema one eye extremely eso DILATE petrous ridge
29
medial longitudinal fasciclus (MLF) extends from midbrain to _ links eye movement with _
spinal cord | vestibular control apparati
30
MLF has to do with _
parapontine reticular formation "I want to look to the right"
31
sensory nerves
I, V, VIII, IX
32
``` CN I: _ component: _ function: _ opening in skull: _ type of receptors: _ ```
``` olfactory sensory smell cribiform plate of ethmoid bone bipolar neurons ```
33
CN V: _ component: _ three divisions: _ _ _
trigeminal sensory and motor ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular
34
V1: component and opening:
sensory | superior orbital fissure
35
V2: component and opening:
sensory | foramen rotundum
36
V3: component and opening:
sensory and motor | foramen ovale
37
4 trigeminal nerve nuclei?
main sensory, spinal, mesencephalic, motor
38
main sensory nucleus: - location: _ - sensations: _
posterior pons, continuous with spinal nucleus | touch and pressure
39
spinal nucleus: - location: _ - sensations: _
extends length of medulla and into upper spinal cord | pain and temperature
40
mesencephalic nucleus: type of nerve cells: _ sensations: _
unipolar nerve cells | proprioceptive
41
motor nucleus: location: _ innervation to: _
pons, medial to main sensory nucleus | muscles of mastication/chewing
42
trigeminal nerve course
exits anterior pons - forward out of posterior cranial fossa - large ganglion in Meckel cave - 3 branches from anterior border ganglion
43
V1 - ophthalmic branch | sensory innervation to: _
cornea, forehead, scalp, eyelids, nose, mucous membranes of paranasal sinuses and sinus cavities
44
V1 travels through _ sinus
cavernous
45
3 branches of V1
NFL | nasocilliary, frontal, lacrimal
46
word for area innervated by certain branches of nerve
dermitomes
47
What is Hutchinsons' Sign?
herpes lesions on tip of nose or along V1 pathway | -if V1 is involved, likely to see ocular involvement
48
V2 - maxillary branch | sensory innervation to: _
skin of face over maxilla, teeth of upper jaw, mucous membranes of nose, maxillary sinus, and palate
49
runs through what part of sinus?
inferno-lateral wall of cavernous sinus
50
emerges from foramen rotundum, -_ ganglion enters orbit via inferior orbital fissue, _ branch, enters infraorbital foramen, _ branch
pterygoid palatine ganglion zygomatic branch infraorbital branch (terminal branch)
51
if orbital floor damage, check sensory, if not sensitive -order CT because likely _ nerve damage
infraorbital nerve
52
V3 - mandibular branch sensory of _ motor of _
sensory: cheek skin, mandible and side of head skin, lower teeth, temperomandibular joint motor: muscle of mastication
53
what is the only motor of CN V?
muscles of mastication
54
CN VIII: _ component: _ 2 divisions and function: _ _ opening in skull: _
vestibulocochlear sensory cochlear -hearing, vestibular - position and movement of head, balance internal acoustic meatus
55
vestibular division information from _ and _: head position information from _: head movement
uterine and saccule | semicircular canals
56
vestibular division | cell bodies in _ ganglion which lies in internal acoustic meatus
vestibular
57
there are 4 vestibular nuclei in the _: medial, lateral, superior, inferior
pons
58
a small number of fibers bypass vestibular nuclei and pass to _
cerebellum (also very involved in balance)
59
cochlear division information from _ to cochlea -how does it work?
organ of cortisones | hair cells -> mechanical sound vibrations -> nerve impulses
60
cell bodies lie within the cochlea and form the _ ganglion | 2 cochlear nuclei in _: posterior and anterior
``` spiral pons (2 ears=2 ganglion) ```
61
CN IX: _ components: _ functions: _ _ opening in skull: _
``` glossopharyngeal motor and sensory motor - assist swallowing sensory - taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue jugular foramen ```
62
glossopharyngeal nerve nucleus 3 main nuclei: _ _ _ all housed in _
main motor, sensory, parasympathetic nucleus (inferior salivatory nucleus) medulla oblongata
63
glossopharyngeal nerve course
exits anterolateral medulla as rootlets - jugular foramen - motor branch to stylophargyngeus muscle - parasympathetic fibers to parotid gland - sensory fibers to pharynx and posterior 1/3 tongue
64
motor neurons:
X, XII, VII, XI
65
CN X: _ component: _ functions: _ _ _ _ opening in skull: _
vagus
66
CN X: _ component: _ functions: _ _ _ _ opening in skull: _
vagus motor and sensory constriction of pharynx and larynx, gag reflex, help control of HR/BP, parasympathetic to lungs, heart, esopohus, stomach, SI, LI jugular foramen
67
vagus nerve nuclei housed in: _ 3 nuclei: _ _ _
medulla | main motor, sensory, parasympathetic
68
CN VII: _ component: _ functions: _
facial MOTOR and sensory facial expression, stapedius muscle of inner ear, digastric and stylohyoid muscles, lacrimation and salivation, anterior 2/3 tongue
69
openings in skull for CN VII: _ _ _
internal acoustic meatus, facial canal, stylomastoid foramen | IFS
70
facial nerve nuclei: all housed: _ 3 nuclei: _ _ _
pons | main motor, sensory, parasympathetic
71
main motor nucleus of VII controls muscles of face -_ upper -_lower
both hemispheres | contralateral hemisphere only
72
parasympathetic nuclei of VII | -what 2 gland nuclei? _ _
superior salivatory nucleus | lacrimal nucleus
73
sensory nucleus of VII - upper par of nucleus of the _ - sensory information for _
tractus solatarius | taste
74
facial nerve course
motor fibers wrap around VII nucleus - motor and sensory join - leave pons laterally and and emerge from anterior surface of brainstem between pons and medulla - travels with III - enters internal auditory canal in petrous portion of temporal - through geniculate ganglion and gives 2 branches - (parasympathetic: greater petrosal nerve, sensory:chorda tympani nerve) - remaining fibers exit through stylomastoid foraemen of temporal and through parotid gland ***rewatch this, pg 12
75
UMN Lesion = lesion to _, which is a _
cortex, stroke
76
UMN affects _ which spares _ and _
contralateral lower facial weakness | eyelid closure and forehead wrinkling
77
UMN leaves _ _ and _ in tact
lacrimation, salivation, taste
78
UMN etiologies include _ _ and _
ischemia, tumor, trauma
79
LMN lesion = lesion to _, which is called _
CN VII, bell's palsy
80
LMN causes _
ipsilateral facial hemiparesis (whole half)
81
LMN is considered _, but thought to be associated with virus and edema of CN VII ( _ and _)
idiopathic | inner ear infection, herpes simplex 1
82
with LMN there is _ involvement
no other neurological
83
LMN can cause incomplete eyelid closure, which results in _
exposure keratopathy
84
CN VII divines: | brachial motor is responsible for _
facial expressions
85
visceral motor is responsible for _
lacrimal and salivary gland
86
special sensory is responsible for _
anterior 2/3 of tongue
87
general sensory is responsible for _
mastoid area
88
CN XI: _ component: _ functions: _ _ opening in skull: _
``` accessory motor cranial root - muscles of soft palate spinal root - sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles jugular foramen ```
89
CN XII: _ component: _ function: _ opening in skull: _
hypoglossal motor muscles of tongue hypoglossal canal
90
hypoglossal nucleus lies is _, below floor of 4th ventricle
medulla

Neuroanatomy (12 decks)

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