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PRAXIS 5362 > 3. Planning and Implementing Instruction > Flashcards

3. Planning and Implementing Instruction Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Vygotsky’s strategy of providing temporary support to help learners achieve tasks called?

A

Scaffolding

This includes techniques like guided questions or modeling.

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2
Q

What does Sheltered Instruction aim to achieve for English Learners (ELs)?

A

Teaching grade-level content in simplified English with scaffolding

An example of this is the SIOP model.

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3
Q

What is Total Physical Response (TPR)?

A

Asher’s method linking language to physical actions

Students respond to commands with movement.

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4
Q

What is the Silent Way approach in language learning?

A

Gattegno’s approach using silence and gestures to encourage student autonomy

This method promotes problem-solving in language learning.

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5
Q

What does the Audiolingual Method emphasize?

A

Teaches language through repetition and drills

It was originally developed for military training.

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6
Q

What is the focus of the Grammar Translation Approach?

A

Translating texts and learning grammar rules explicitly

This approach is less common for English Learners.

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7
Q

What does the Communicative Approach emphasize?

A

Real communication to engage natural language acquisition strategies

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8
Q

Define Task-Based Instruction (TBI).

A

Lessons designed around completing meaningful tasks using authentic language

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9
Q

What is Suggestopedia?

A

Uses music and a low-stress environment to enhance language learning

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10
Q

What does Structured English Immersion (SEI) entail?

A

Instruction in English for ELs using ESL techniques, without formal L1 support

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11
Q

What is Comprehensible Input according to Krashen?

A

Using understandable language to facilitate acquisition

This principle is applied in sheltered instruction.

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12
Q

What is the Building Background strategy in SIOP?

A

Connecting new material to students’ prior knowledge and experiences

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13
Q

What does the Interaction strategy in SIOP provide?

A

Opportunities for students to engage with peers and teachers to practice language

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14
Q

What is the Practice and Application strategy in SIOP?

A

Using hands-on materials for students to apply content and language knowledge

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15
Q

What does the Lesson Delivery strategy in SIOP ensure?

A

Content and language objectives are supported throughout lessons

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16
Q

What are Cognitive Strategies in language learning?

A

Help students organize and retain knowledge, such as summarizing or visualizing

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17
Q

What is the Push-In model in ESL teaching?

A

ESL teacher supports ELs in general education classrooms during content lessons

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18
Q

Define Parallel Teaching.

A

Co-teaching model where instructors teach separate groups simultaneously

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19
Q

What is Station Teaching?

A

Co-teaching model where students rotate through stations with different tasks

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20
Q

What characterizes the Lead Support co-teaching model?

A

One teacher leading and another providing support

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21
Q

What is Team Teaching?

A

Co-teaching model where both teachers share equal roles in instruction

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22
Q

What is the Direct Method?

A

Teaching L2 exclusively in the target language, emphasizing oral communication and immersion.

The Direct Method focuses on real-life communication and avoids translation.

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23
Q

What is the Natural Approach?

A

Krashen and Terrell’s method prioritizing comprehensible input and low-anxiety environments for natural acquisition.

This approach emphasizes understanding before production.

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24
Q

What is Cooperative Learning?

A

Students work in groups to enhance language practice and peer interaction.

This method fosters collaboration and social interaction among learners.

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25
What is Content-Based Instruction (CBI)?
Teaching language through subject matter, integrating language and content goals. ## Footnote CBI helps students learn language in context, making it relevant and engaging.
26
What is Differentiated Instruction?
Tailoring lessons to meet diverse EL needs, such as varying tasks by proficiency level. ## Footnote This approach allows teachers to address individual student needs effectively.
27
What is the Language Experience Approach (LEA)?
Students dictate stories based on experiences, which teachers use to teach reading and writing. ## Footnote LEA connects personal experiences to literacy development.
28
What is Inquiry-Based Instruction?
Engaging ELs in problem-solving and critical thinking through student-driven questions and investigations ## Footnote ELs refers to English Learners.
29
What is Project-Based Learning (PBL)?
Students learn language and content through extended projects addressing real-world problems ## Footnote PBL emphasizes real-world relevance.
30
Define Universal Design for Learning (UDL).
Framework for designing flexible instruction to meet diverse EL needs, using multiple means of engagement, representation, and expression.
31
What is Collaborative Strategic Reading (CSR)?
Strategy where ELs work in small groups, using roles like leader or questioner to comprehend texts.
32
What are Graphic Organizers?
Visual tools (e.g., Venn diagrams, concept maps) to help ELs organize information and build comprehension.
33
What are Language Objectives?
Specific goals for language development integrated into content lessons, distinct from content objectives.
34
What is early negation in language development?
Early negation is when children use simple forms like 'No like' or 'Not is' to express negation. It's an early stage of negation in language acquisition. ## Footnote Early negation marks the beginning of a child's understanding and use of negation in language.
35
What does Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development emphasize?
Vygotsky emphasizes that learners interact with knowledgeable peers within their zone of proximal development (ZPD), where they can perform tasks with support but not independently. ## Footnote The ZPD highlights the importance of social interaction in learning.
36
What is fossilization in language learning?
Fossilization refers to consistent language errors that become fixed despite ongoing instruction, indicating that certain mistakes have become a permanent part of a learner's language use. ## Footnote This process can hinder language progression.
37
What is overgeneralization in language acquisition?
Overgeneralization occurs when a learner applies a rule inappropriately, like saying 'goed' instead of 'went', applying the regular past tense rule to an irregular verb. ## Footnote It's a common phenomenon in language learning.
38
What is the affective filter hypothesis in Krashen's theory?
Krashen's affective filter hypothesis suggests that anxiety, motivation, and other emotional factors can block language acquisition. A 'high' affective filter (e.g., stress) impedes learning. ## Footnote Emotional states significantly influence the language learning process.
39
What is code-switching?
Code-switching occurs when a speaker switches between languages or dialects within a conversation, like using 'ventana' (Spanish for window) in an English sentence. ## Footnote This reflects bilingual speakers' linguistic flexibility.
40
Who is Cummins, and what did he develop?
Cummins developed the concepts of BICS (Basic Interpersonal Communicative Skills) and CALP (Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency) to distinguish between conversational and academic language skills. ## Footnote These concepts help educators understand language proficiency.
41
What is the silent period in language acquisition?
The silent period is when language learners are hesitant to speak, often absorbing and processing language without verbal output. ## Footnote This stage is crucial for language comprehension.
42
What does psycholinguistics say about input during the critical period?
Psycholinguistics emphasizes that linguistic input during the critical period (early childhood) is crucial for effective language acquisition. ## Footnote Input during this time shapes future language abilities.
43
What is L1 interference?
L1 interference occurs when a learner's first language (L1) affects their second language (L2) use, like applying L1 syntax to L2. ## Footnote It's a common challenge in bilingual education.
44
What is additive bilingualism?
Additive bilingualism is when a learner acquires a second language (L2) while maintaining and developing their first language (L1). ## Footnote This approach promotes multilingualism and cultural identity.
45
What is integrative motivation in language learning?
Integrative motivation refers to learning a language to integrate into a community or culture, like making friends or connecting with others. ## Footnote It contrasts with instrumental motivation.
46
What is a cognitive strategy in language learning?
A cognitive strategy, like making inferences, helps learners understand and process language. CALLA (Cognitive Academic Language Learning Approach) emphasizes these strategies. ## Footnote These strategies enhance comprehension and retention.
47
What is Chomsky known for?
Chomsky proposed transformational grammar, a theory that suggests humans have an innate ability to learn language through underlying universal grammar principles. ## Footnote His work revolutionized linguistics and language acquisition theories.
48
What is interlanguage?
Interlanguage is the evolving system a learner uses during the process of acquiring a second language, a temporary stage between L1 and L2. ## Footnote This reflects the learner's progress and understanding.
49
What is the bodily/kinesthetic learner type?
Bodily/kinesthetic learners prefer hands-on experiences and physical activity as part of their learning process. ## Footnote These learners benefit from active engagement.
50
How does the quality of linguistic input affect language acquisition?
High-quality linguistic input, meaning language that is clear, appropriate, and meaningful, greatly impacts the speed and effectiveness of language acquisition. ## Footnote Quality input enhances comprehension and learning outcomes.
51
What is instrumental motivation in language learning?
Instrumental motivation refers to learning a language for practical purposes, such as passing a test or getting a job. ## Footnote This type of motivation focuses on tangible benefits.
52
What does TPR stand for?
Total Physical Response
53
What is Total Physical Response (TPR)?
TPR is a language teaching method that combines verbal commands with physical movements, aiding in the internalization of vocabulary and structures.
54
What are rhetorical patterns in writing?
Rhetorical patterns are structured methods of organizing written content to achieve specific purposes. Examples include comparison/contrast, cause/effect, and problem/solution.
55
Why is high-frequency vocabulary important for SIFE students?
High-frequency vocabulary comprises the most commonly used words in a language. For Students with Interrupted Formal Education (SIFE), acquiring this vocabulary is essential for foundational communication and literacy development.
56
What does changing registers involve in language use?
Changing registers refers to adjusting one's language style, tone, and formality based on the social context, audience, or purpose of communication.
57
What is the lexical approach in language teaching?
The lexical approach emphasizes the acquisition of language through learning lexical chunks or collocations, rather than isolated vocabulary or grammar rules.
58
How do cloze activities with song lyrics support language learning?
Cloze activities involve filling in missing words in a text. Using song lyrics for such activities enhances aural comprehension and contextual vocabulary acquisition.
59
What role does brainstorming play in writing?
Brainstorming is a pre-writing strategy that encourages the generation of ideas and organization of thoughts, often facilitated by graphic organizers.
60
How do flashcards and partner practice integrate language skills?
Using flashcards in pair activities engages learners in reading, writing, speaking, and listening, promoting comprehensive language skill development.
61
How does encouraging self-discovery foster intrinsic motivation?
Promoting self-discovery in learning empowers students to take ownership of their educational journey, enhancing engagement and intrinsic motivation.
62
What is the purpose of sequencing information in language learning?
Sequencing activities help learners understand and practice the logical order of ideas, improving coherence in both spoken and written communication.
63
What is the Language Experience Approach (LEA)?
LEA involves students dictating personal experiences, which are transcribed by the teacher. This method connects oral language to written text, reinforcing literacy skills.
64
How do puppets facilitate student-centered engagement?
Using puppets in instruction encourages active participation, creativity, and dialogue, fostering a student-centered learning environment.
65
Why is role-playing different conversations important?
Role-playing various scenarios allows learners to practice adjusting language use according to different social contexts and interlocutors.
66
How does focusing on writing fluency benefit language learners?
Emphasizing writing fluency encourages learners to express ideas freely, reducing anxiety over accuracy and promoting language development.
67
How do context clues aid in vocabulary acquisition?
Context clues provide information surrounding unfamiliar words, enabling learners to infer meanings and expand their vocabulary.
68
How does discussing terminology enhance aural comprehension?
Engaging in discussions about specific terms improves listening skills by reinforcing understanding and proper usage of vocabulary.
69
What is the benefit of role-playing complaints to peers versus teachers?
Practicing complaints in different social contexts helps learners navigate varying levels of formality and appropriateness in language use.
70
What is the social interactionist perspective in language learning?
This perspective posits that language development occurs through social interactions, emphasizing the importance of communicative practice.
71
How does explaining verb form rules develop metalinguistic awareness?
Articulating grammatical rules enhances learners' understanding of language structures, fostering metalinguistic awareness and self-monitoring.
72
Why is cultural understanding important in language learning?
Cultural competence enables learners to use language appropriately across diverse contexts, promoting effective and respectful communication.
73
What does proxemics study in communication?
Proxemics examines the use of personal space in communication, which varies across cultures and affects interpersonal interactions.
74
How do cooperative activities promote social learning?
Collaborative tasks encourage peer interaction, enhancing language skills through shared experiences and mutual support.
75
How does reading statements as questions practice stress patterns?
Transforming statements into questions allows learners to practice intonation and stress, key components of natural-sounding speech.
76
How do comparison essays develop organizational skills?
Writing comparison essays requires structuring information logically, thereby improving overall writing organization and coherence.
77
How do graphic organizers support content-based learning?
Graphic organizers help learners visually structure information, facilitating comprehension and retention in content-area subjects.
78
What is scaffolding in language instruction?
Scaffolding involves providing temporary support to learners, gradually removing assistance as they become more proficient.

PRAXIS 5362 (6 decks)

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