30. Spain Flashcards
(110 cards)
1
Q
Spain can be divided into how many climatic zones?
A
3
2
Q
Climatic type of Spain’s eastern coast
A
Mediterranean
3
Q
Climatic type of Meseta Central?
A
Continental
4
Q
Climatic type of north/north-west coast of Spain?
A
Maritime
5
Q
The large plateau in the centre of Spain is called what?
A
Meseta Central
6
Q
What two major vineyard techniques have been employed to reduce the threat of heat and lack of water in Spain?
A
Low-density and bush-trained vines
7
Q
Tempranillo acidity
A
Medium
8
Q
Why does Tempranillo need a high diurnal temperature range?
A
It has a natural medium acidity
9
Q
Tempranillo is best suited in regions with what climatic property because of its naturally medium acidity?
A
High diurnal temperature range
10
Q
Joven wine is characterised by what fruit scent?
A
Strawberry
11
Q
Garnacha alcohol
A
High alcohol
12
Q
Monastrell is tolerant to what climatic risk?
A
Drought
13
Q
What Spanish grape is drought-tolerant?
A
Monastrell
14
Q
Monastrell tannins
A
High tannins
15
Q
Monastrell alcohol
A
High alcohol
16
Q
Monastrell acidity
A
Low to medium acidity
17
Q
Monastrell primary flavours
A
Blackberry
18
Q
What does Graciano add to blends?
A
Black fruit, acidity and tannins
19
Q
What variety is often added to fine Riojas to increase ageing potential and black fruit flavours?
A
Graciano
20
Q
Spanish name for Carignan?
A
Carinena
21
Q
Carinena is often aka?
A
Mazuelo
22
Q
Mazuelo in Rioja is aka?
A
Carinena
23
Q
Carinena is known as what outside Spain?
A
Carignan
24
Q
What is Carinena used for in Priorat?
A
Enhance tannic structure
25
In Priorat, what variety is used to enhance the tannic structure of the wines?
Carinena
26
Mencia is best suited to what climates?
Moderate climates
27
Mencia primary flavours
Fresh fruit
28
Mencia acidity
Medium to high acidity
29
Wines that fall outside of Spanish wine laws are labelled as what?
Vino
30
What are the only two DOCa's in Spain?
Rioja and Priorat
31
Where is the term 'DOQ' used in Spain?
For Priorat (Catalan version of DOCa)
32
What does Vinos de Pago signify?
The wine uses grapes matured and only from the prestigious estate
33
What Spanish label shows a wine is from a prestigious small estate that uses only its grapes?
Vinos de Pago
34
Spanish equivalent of PDO?
DOP
35
Spanish equivalent of PGI?
VdlT
36
Aside of Rioja and Priorat, all other SPanish PDOs are usually given what label?
DO
37
Minimum total ageing for red Crianzas?
24 months
38
Minimum total ageing for red Reservas?
36 months
39
Minimum total ageing for Gran Reservas?
60 months
40
Minimum total ageing for white Crianzas?
18 months
41
Minimum total ageing for white Reservas?
24 months
42
Minimum total ageing for white Gran Reservas?
48 months
43
Most of Spain's white wines are simply what?`
Fresh and fruity
44
What harvesting technique do Spanish white wine growers use to preserve delicate fruit aromas?
Harvesting at night
45
What Spanish white grape is highly susceptible to oxidation (and was sued for Sherry-like wines)?
Verdejo
46
Protectively-made Verdejo has what fruit flavours?
Melon and peach
47
How has Albarino adapted to the wet north-west of Spain?
It is thick skinned and therefore resistant to fungal disease
48
What Spanish white variety has adapted to become resistant to fungal disease?
Albarino
49
What is the most widely planted grape variety in Spain?
Airen
50
La Mancha in central Spain predominantly grows what variety?
Airen
51
Why is Airen so popular in La Mancha?
It is able to cope with the extreme heat
52
Most of Airen is used for what?
Brandy de Jerez
53
Brandy de Jerez uses what mass-grown grape?
Airen
54
Macabeo is known as what in Rioja?
Viura
55
Viura is known as what in Cava in Catalunya?
Macabeo
56
Unoaked Viura yields what aromas?
Subtle spice and herb
57
Three subregions of the Upper Ebro
Rioja
Navarra
Carinena and Calatayud
58
Lightest Riojas come from which subregion?
Rioja Alavesa
59
What shields Rioja from the worst of the Atlantic weather?
Cantabrian Mountains
60
Where in Rioja is the climate less maritime, with hotter summers and more severe winters?
Rioja Oriental
61
Three subregions of Rioja:
Alavesa
Alta
Oriental
62
Tempranillo tannins
Medium
63
What does Garnacha bring to Tempranillo blends in Rioja?
Body and alcohol
64
Where in Rioja does Garnacha grow best?
Rioja Oriental
65
Where does Tempranillo grow best in Rioja?
Cooler western sub-regions
66
Red Riojas designed for early drinking often undergo what process?
Semi-carbonic maceration
67
In Navarra, how does the climate change as it nears the mountains?
Becomes cooler and wetter
68
In Navarra, Tempranillo is increasingly blended with what grapes?
Cab Sav and Merlot
69
Where in Spain is Tempranillo increasingly blended with Cab Sav and Merlot?
Navarra
70
Main variety in Carinena and Calatayud
Garnacha
71
What is interesting to note about the grape variety and region, Carinena?
Carinena is not the most planted grape in the region of Carinena
72
Penedes' climate is
Varied with three distinct climatic zones
73
How many climatic zones in Penedes?
3
74
How does low rainfall suit Garnacha and Carinena in Priorat?
They ar eboth late-ripening varieties
75
Best soils of Priorat are...
Layers of red slate with small mica particles
76
Where are mica particles famously found in Spain?
Priorat's soil
77
How do mica particles help ripening in Priorat?
They reflect and conserve heat
78
Water supply in Priorat?
The slate soils are able to retain water at depth
79
Why are Priorats naturally expensive wines?
There is no mechanisation due to slope steepness
Low yields from old vines and low nutrient soils
80
Winters in Ribera del Duero are what?
Very cold
81
Summer in Ribera del Duero is typically what in duration?
Short
82
Moderating influence of Ribera del Duero?
Altitud
83
Garnacha in Ribera del Duero is usually designate for what?
Dry rose
84
How are modern winemakers accentuating concentrated fruit flavours in Ribera del Duero red wines?
Long maceration and short oak ageing
85
Long maceration and short oak ageing for red wines is an increasingly adapted technique for which Spanish region to accentuate concentrated fruit flavours?
Ribera del Duero
86
Toro alcohol
High alcohol
87
In what Toro wines is there generally a proportion of Garnacha?
Joven
88
What two regions sit next to eachother in the Duero region in Spain?
Toro and Rueda
89
How does Rueda differ from Ribera del Duero and Toro?
It produces mostly white wines, not reds
90
What is the traditional variety for Rueda?
Verdejo
91
Verdejo is which region's traditional variety?
Rueda
92
What is the other important variety in Rueda, aside from Verdejo?
Sauv Blanc
93
What temp climate is Rias Baixas?
Moderate
94
What are vines trained on in Rias Baixas to avoid mildew?
Pergolas
95
Albarino has what primary type of fruit flavours?
Stone fruit
96
Which red Spanish region lies on the border between Galicia and Meseta Central?
Bierzo
97
Bierzo benefits from what moderating influence?
Cool maritime influence
98
Main grape variety in Bierzo is?
Mencia
99
Mencia acidity
High acidity
100
Bierzo slope soils
Stony (and steep)
101
Most-planted variety in Valencia DO?
Monastrell
102
What subregions lie inland from Valencia and also plant Monastrell?
Jumilla and Yecla
103
Almost half of Spain's total wine production comes from where?
Castilla-La Mancha
104
What is the largest DO in Spain?
La Mancha
105
What DO lies immediately south of La Mancha?
Valdepenas
106
What is the quality of Rias Baixas' soils?
Poor (infertile)
107
Why do reds struggle in Rias Baixas?
Insufficient sunlight hours to develop tannins
108
Is Albarino aromatic or non-aromatic?
Aromatic
109
In Rias Baixas, what other technique is used to encourage competition for rainfall and moderate vigour?
Cover crops are grown beneath the pergolas
110
What are Rias Baixass' Albarinos described as having (related to mouthfeel)?
Saline minerality
