6. Vineyard Management

Question 1

Term given for training vines to benefit from soil heat

Answer 1

Low-trained

Question 2

Term given for training vines to avoid frosts

Answer 2

High-trained

Question 3

High-trained vines are for what?

Answer 3

Avoiding frost

Question 4

Low-trained vines are for what?

Answer 4

Gaining heat form the soil

Question 5

What is a ‘cordon’?

Answer 5

Horizontal permanent arm

Question 6

Horizontal permanent arm on a vine is called what?

Answer 6

Cordon

Question 7

What vine training is used for vines with little permanent wood?

Answer 7

Head training

Question 8

Head training is used on what kinds of vines?

Answer 8

Those with little permanent wood

Question 9

When does pruning take place?

Answer 9

Every winter and summer

Question 10

What process (and when) designs where the buds and shoots will be in the growing season?

Answer 10

Winter pruning

Question 11

What are spurs?

Answer 11

Short-sections of one-year-old wood that have been cut down to 2 to 3 buds

Question 12

Short-sections of one-year-old wood that have been cut down to 2 to 3 buds are known as what?

Answer 12

Spurs

Question 13

What are longer? Canes or spurs?

Answer 13

Canes

Question 14

Replacement-cane pruning is also known as what?

Answer 14

Guyot training

Question 15

Guyot training is what?

Answer 15

Replacement cane pruning

Question 16

Downside to replacement-cane (Guyot) pruning?

Answer 16

It is more complex and requires a larger labour force than spur pruning

Question 17

Bush vines have what typical management?

Answer 17

Head-trained and spur-pruned

Question 18

Bush vines are often found in what types of vineyards?

Answer 18

Untrellised vineyards

Question 19

Untrellised or trellised vineyards are not suitable for mechanical harvesting?

Answer 19

Untrellised

Question 20

Where are untrellised vineyards found?

Answer 20

Hotter climates

Question 21

Why are untrellised vineyards found in hotter climates?

Answer 21

They allow extra shade from the sun

Question 22

3 reasons for trellising vineyards for canopy management

Answer 22

Controls sunlight on grapes
Greater air circulation
Aids mechanical harvesting

Question 23

These three reasons are for what kind of vineyard management?
Controls sunlight on grapes
Greater air circulation
Aids mechanical harvesting

Answer 23

Trellised vineyards

Question 24

What is the most widely-used trellis system?

Answer 24

Vertical Shoot Positioning

Question 25

What does VSP stand for?

Answer 25

Vertical Shoot Positioning

Question 26

What is a compromise between mechanical harvesting in trellised vineyards and creating shade from untrellised vines?

Answer 26

Using a trellis but ensuring VSP allows tops of shoots to create canopy (not tied together)

Question 27

What do some growers do to ensure the untrellised canopy doesn't prevent sunlight from reaching the grapes?

Answer 27

Tying the tips of shoots together

Question 28

Where might density deliberately be low in a vineyard?

Answer 28

Vineyards with low watter availability

Question 29

How are vine's vegetative growth reduced in vineyard management (other than pruning)?

Answer 29

Planting vines in high density to increase nutrient competition

Question 30

What is the danger with too few buds on a vine (related to growth)?

Answer 30

They will have too much access to nutrients and energy and grow too much

Question 31

What is the term for the amount of grapes a vine may produce?

Answer 31

Yield

Question 32

What is green harvesting?

Answer 32

Removing immature grapes after veraison to reduce yields

Question 33

When is green harvesting performed?

Answer 33

After veraison

Question 34

Technique used to reduce yields during growing season?

Answer 34

Green harvesting

Question 35

Removing immature grapes after veraison to reduce yields is known as what?

Answer 35

Green harvesting

Question 36

Why is green harvesting risky?

Answer 36

If it is done at the wrong time, the vines will dilute the flavours by increasingthe grape sizes

Question 37

Yelllow spots on upper side of leaves is what disease?

Answer 37

Downy mildew

Question 38

How does downy mildew form?

Answer 38

Yellow spots on upper side of leaves

Question 39

Grey-white powdery coating on leaves is what disease?

Answer 39

Powdery mildew

Question 40

Colour loss in black grapes is a symptom of what disease?

Answer 40

Grey rot

Question 41

Colour change for red grapes in veraison?

Answer 41

Black to red to purple

Question 42

Colour change of white grapes in veraison?

Answer 42

Become translucent and golden

Question 43

Chemical change in grapes during veraison?

Answer 43

Sugar level rise Acidity reduces

Question 44

What happens to tannins in veraison?

Answer 44

They become less bitter and astringent

Question 45

What is the main reason for bringing harvest forward?

Answer 45

Poor weather conditions

Question 46

What is MOG?

Answer 46

Matter other than grapes

Question 47

Machine harvesters can often collect what in addition to grapes?

Answer 47

MOG

Question 48

Why are machine harvesters unsuitable for some wine styles?

Answer 48

Wine styles may require whole bunches that machines cannot collect

Question 49

What are retained in hand harvesting, and not machine?

Answer 49

Grape stems

Question 50

What can grape stems do to a white wine?

Answer 50

Create a clean, pure juice

Question 51

What is the main difference between green harvesting and bunch thinning?

Answer 51

Green harvesting happens early in the season to reduce fruit load, while bunch thinning happens later to remove underripe clusters.

Question 52

When does bunch thinning occur?

Answer 52

Between veraison and harvest