3.05 Hemopoiesis

Question 1

This is known as the process of producing new blood cells

Answer 1

Hemopoiesis

Question 2

What are the corresponding life spans of the following:
RBCs
Platelets
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes

Answer 2

120 days
9-12 days
Granular: 7 hours --> 1-2 days
Years
1-3 days --> months to years

Question 3

Theory of hematopoiesis that states that each of the blood cell lineages is derived from its own unique stem cell. Is this the favored theory?

Answer 3

polyphyletic theory; no

Question 4

Theory of hematopoiesis that states that all blood cells come from a common stem cell. Is this the favored theory? What do you call the said stem cell?

Answer 4

Monophyletic/unitarian theory; no; pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell

Question 5

What marker is used to recognize PHSCs through immunological special methods?

Answer 5

CD34 marker

Question 6

Differentiate stem cells from progenitor cells

Answer 6

Stem cells have the ability to self-replicate and self-renew. Progenitor cells are already committed to dividing into a particular cell line.

Question 7

Differentiate progenitor cells from precursor cells.

Answer 7

Progenitor cells can give rise to one cell line once injected into the spleen, and they are not morphological distinguishable. Precursor cells have already assumed the morphological features of the mature, functional stem cells they will become.

Question 8

First phase of hematopoiesis, it’s location and when does it happen?

Answer 8

Mesoblastic phase; yolk sac; third month of fetal life

Question 9

Second phase of hematopoiesis, it’s location and when does it happen?

Answer 9

Hepatic phase; liver, spleen and maybe the lymph nodes; begins during the 2nd trimester of fetal life

Question 10

Third phase of hematopoiesis, it’s location and when does it happen?

Answer 10

Myeloid phase; bone marrow; third trimester of fetal life

Question 11

After birth, the bones are mostly composed of __ marrow which is (active/inactive) in hemopoiesis, and gradually becomes __ marrow, which is (active, inactive) as the person ages.

Answer 11

Red, active; yellow, inactive

Question 12

Red marrow is supported by __, composed of __ and __.

Answer 12

Red marrow is supported by stroma, composed of reticular cells and reticular fibers

Question 13

Marrow where old erythrocytes go to be phagocytosed by macrophages

Answer 13

Red marrow

Question 14

T/F. The change from red marrow to yellow marrow as the person ages is permanent.

Answer 14

False. Yellow marrow can be converted back to red marrow during time of need, e.g. hypoxia, severe blood loss

Question 15

Pertains to the production of red blood cells

Answer 15

Erythropoiesis

Question 16

This is known as the precursor cell of erythrocytes. (Euchromatin, Heterochromatin) is more prominent in this stage.

Answer 16

Proerythroblast; euchromatin

Question 17

Proerythroblasts divide to produce __. __ disappear in this stage. Hemoglobin will start to be produced by the __.

Answer 17

Basophilic erythroblasts; Nucleoli; ribosomes

Question 18

This stage of erythropoiesis is characterized by a more heterochromatic nucleus than basophilic erythroblasts.

Answer 18

Polychromatic erythroblast

Question 19

Last stage of erythropoiesis that is capable of cellular division

Answer 19

Polychromatic erythroblast

Question 20

Stage of erythropoiesis where the nucleus starts to become more densely heterochromatic, and the cytoplasm becomes more acidophilic because of a decrease in ribosomes.

Answer 20

Orthochromatic erythroblast

Question 21

Stage where erythrocytes can enter the blood stream.

Answer 21

Reticulocytes

Question 22

Stage where the nucleus is already absent and the shape is a biconcave.

Answer 22

Mature RBCs

Question 23

This is the main hormone/protein for erythropoiesis. It is produced in the __.

Answer 23

Erythropoietin; kidneys

Question 24

Erythroproietin stimulates the production of __, the protein component of hemoglobin.

Answer 24

Globin

Question 25

This hormone that affects erythropoiesis is essential for synthesis of thymidine triphosphate.

Answer 25

Vitamin B12

Question 26

Process of differentiation of CFU-GM to either granulocytes or monocytes

Answer 26

Granulopoiesis

Question 27

How long does it take for mature cells to be produced through granulopoiesis?

Answer 27

18 days

Question 28

One of the two granules that granulocytes have that stains with basic dyes and gradually decreases in number as the cell ages

Answer 28

azurophilic granules

Question 29

What do azurophilic granules contain?

Answer 29

lysosomal enzymes

Question 30

When do azurophilic granules appear?

Answer 30

promyelocyte cell

Question 31

Contents of these granules differentiate the three different granulocytes

Answer 31

Specific granules

Question 32

Specific granules start to appear during this stage of granulopoiesis

Answer 32

myelocyte cell

Question 33

first recognizable/identifiable cell in the granulocytic lineage

Answer 33

myeloblast

Question 34

Stage of granulopoiesis when the nucleus is largely euchromatic with dispersed chromatic and multiple nuclei. It also has a basophilic cytoplasm.

Answer 34

Myeloblast

Question 35

Stage of granulopoiesis where azurophilic granules stop to be produced.

Answer 35

Myelocyte

Question 36

Last stage of granulopoiesis for cell division

Answer 36

Myelocyte

Question 37

T/F. Eosinophils, basophils and neutrophils start to differentiate at the level of metamyelocytes.

Answer 37

False. Granulocytes differentiate at myelocyte stage because this is the stage when specific granules start to appear.

Question 38

Stage in granulopoiesis where the nucleus changes from round to indented or kidney shaped. Azurophilic granules in this stage stain deeply, while specific granules are only faintly stained.

Answer 38

Metamyelocyte

Question 39

Latter stages of metamyelocyte where the nucleus is more indented or U-shaped

Answer 39

Juvenile, Band or Stab Form

Question 40

What are the three stages of monocytopoiesis

Answer 40

Monoblast, promonocyte, monocyte

Question 41

Stage of monocytopoiesis where the nucleus is largely basophilic

Answer 41

Monoblast

Question 42

Stage of monocytopoiesis when the nucleus becomes more euchromatic, with basophilic cytoplasm

Answer 42

Promonocyte

Question 43

T/F. Monocytes can only start functioning after they go out of the blood vessels.

Answer 43

True

Question 44

Monocytes change into what when they enter the connective tissue, lymphoid organs and bone marrow?

Answer 44

Macrophages

Question 45

What do you call macrophages that reside in: 1. lungs? 2. liver? 3. bones? 4. skin? 5. CNS?

Answer 45

1. alveolar macrophages 2. Kupffer cells 3. Osteoclasts 4. Langerhan 5. Microglial cells

Question 46

Precursor of lymphocytes

Answer 46

Lymphoblast

Question 47

Lymphoblasts that enter the thymus mature into __

Answer 47

T-lymphocytes

Question 48

Lymphoblasts that go into the liver and spleen are those that have developed into __

Answer 48

prolymphocytes

Question 49

Prolymphocytes further develop into __

Answer 49

B lymphocytes

Question 50

Production of platelets

Answer 50

Thrombocytopoiesis

Question 51

Which CFU develop into the precursors for platelets?

Answer 51

CFU-Me

Question 52

What are the precursor for platelets?

Answer 52

Megakaryoblast

Question 53

1. The megakaryoblast undergoes a process where the DNA replicate without division of the nucleus and cytoplasm resulting in a large cell. 2. This large cell is called a __.

Answer 53

1. endomitosis | 2. megakaryocyte

Question 54

Channels that mark the separation of clustered azurophilic granules of megakaryoblasts.

Answer 54

Platelet demarcation channels