Flashcards in 3.1 Genes Deck (14)
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1
Define gene.
Heritable actor that consists of a length of DNA and influences a specific characteristic.
2
Define allele.
The various specific forms of a gene.
3
Define gene locus.
The position of a gene.
4
Define genome.
Haploid set of chromosomes in a gamete or microorganism or in each cell of a multicellular organism.
5
Define mutation.
Random change in base sequence.
6
What is the difference between the p-arm and the q-arm?
The q-arm is longer.
7
What is the part that separates the p-arm and the q-arm?
Centromere.
8
What is similar and different about alleles?
Alleles code for one thing. Alleles for the same gene have the same gene locus, but slightly different base sequences.
9
What is a base substitution mutation?
A base in a sequence is replaced by a different base.
10
Describe the number of bases substituted and the effect on the polypeptide of a silent mutation.
Affects 1 base. Little to no change in the polypeptide, usually.
11
Describe the number of bases substituted and the effect on the polypeptide of a mis-sense mutation.
1 base. Can cause the protein to be nonfunctional.
12
Describe the number of bases substituted and the effect on the polypeptide of a nonsense mutation.
1 base. Stop codon produced early, causing the polypeptide to be shortened.
13
Describe the effect of sickle cell disease on hemoglobin production.
Glutamic acid replaced with valine, causing an R group change and thus the sickle cell shape of the blood.
14
