3.1 Newborn Exam

Question 1

Examination of newborn should always include what measurements?

Answer 1

Weight
Height
Head circumference

Plotted on growth charts

Question 2

What are we observing in neonate skin?

Answer 2

Birthmarks
Rashes
Infections
Colour: jaundice/cyanosis
Skin tags, pits, sinuses

Question 3

Mainstay treatment for neonatal jaundice?

Answer 3

Phototherapy

Biliblanket

Question 4

What is milia?

Answer 4

Subcut fat in small vesicles

Benign

Question 5

What is acrocyanosis?

Answer 5

Benign

Sluggish circulation to peripheries

Question 6

What is an infantile hemangioma?

Answer 6

Benign usually appears shortly after birth

Question 7

How to differentiate Mongolian blue spot from bruise?

Answer 7

Not raised

Doesn’t change colours

Question 8

How to recognise erythema toxicum?

Answer 8

Child is otherwise well
Small red blotchy spots, benign
Day 2-3 appears, is normal

Question 9

What is neonatal pustular Melanosis?

Answer 9

Benign

Not staph infection cause baby is otherwise well

Question 10

What is seborrhoeic dermatitis?

Answer 10

Waxy looking
Moisturiser
Can indicate future eczema?

Question 11

Difference between port wine stain and hemangioma?

Answer 11

Portwine stain is flat, not raised. Also does not involute

Question 12

Omphalitis is?

Answer 12

Inflammation/infection around the umbilicus

Needs hospital admission and IV antis

Question 13

What is the head circumference range at birth?

Answer 13

33-37cm

Question 14

Why is it important to differentiate between caput succedaneum and cephalohematoma?

Answer 14

Cephalohematoma is a subperiosteal bleed and may be a source for jaundice

Question 15

Does caput cross sutures?

Answer 15

Yes cause it’s in a plane superior to bone

Question 16

Skull shape defects, main two

Answer 16

Positional plagiocephaly

Early fusion of sutures

Question 17

What are two complications of shoulder dystocia?

Answer 17

Clavicular fracture

Torticollis

Question 18

What is torticollis?

Answer 18

Shortening and fibrosis of one of the sternocladomastoids

Question 19

Neonatal Eye Exam look for what generally?

Answer 19

Red Reflex

Discharge: conjunctivitis

Question 20

Leucokoria could mean what in a neonate?

Answer 20

Retinoblastoma

Cataract

Question 21

What is coloboma?

Answer 21

Iris defect

Refer

Question 22

What is hazy cornea?

Answer 22

Associated with glaucoma

Refer

Question 23

How to enhance eye opening in infants?

Answer 23

Sitting up
Feed baby
Rock them
Turn baby on side
Dim lights
Another appt

Question 24

What to look for on nose examination?

Answer 24

Shape
Natency of nostrils
Nasal flaring

Question 25

What to look for in mouth exam?

Answer 25

``` Cleft palate Big I’d uvula Tongue tie Neonatal teeth Large tongue Small mandible ```

Question 26

Example of dysmorphic features?

Answer 26

Low set ears Upslanting eyes Epicanthic folds

Question 27

If baby is sucking on hand/breast excessively can get?

Answer 27

Sucking blisters

Question 28

Neonatal cardio-Resp exam?

Answer 28

-Colour -Breathing pattern and rate -Nasal flaring/subcostal recession -cardiac apex -murmurs FEMORAL PULSES O2 says

Question 29

Neonatal Abdo exam?

Answer 29

- umbilicus -omphalitis, # vessels - organomegaly - hernias - inguinal/umbilical - Genitalia: hypospadias

Question 30

What to look for in genitalia/anus neonate?

Answer 30

Testes, hypospadias Ambiguous genitalia Anus: imperforate anus/displaced anus

Question 31

Neonatal limb examination includes?

Answer 31

``` Hands-Simeon crease - polydactyly Feet: talipes, Posture Muscle tone Symmetry of limb movement Femoral pulses ```

Question 32

What is syndactyly?

Answer 32

Fusion of one or more fingers

Question 33

MSK neonatal exam of hip? | Developmental dysphasia of the hips

Answer 33

Barlow: ‘dislocating mov’t’ Ortolani: ‘ relocating’ Thigh creases Shortening of one limb

Question 34

Conservative mx of mild hip dysplasia ?

Answer 34

Pavlik harness

Question 35

Fixed talipes with equinovarus mx?

Answer 35

Screened for other genetic issues | Refer to ortho

Question 36

Neonatal spine exam?

Answer 36

``` Dimples Hairy patch Naevus Swellings: lipomas/meningoceles Congenital scoliosis ```

Question 37

How to test neonatal muscle tone?

Answer 37

Pull to sit Ventral suspension Symmetry of limb movement

Question 38

What primitive reflexes in neonates?

Answer 38

``` Sucking Grasp Moro / startled Tonic neck reflex Stepping ```

Question 39

Always check what in neonates?

Answer 39

- Red reflex - Heart/femoral pulses - Hips - Genitalia