37.1 ENT Upper Airway

Question 1

nasal obstruction symptoms?

Answer 1

snoring
chronic mouth breathing
hypo nasality

Question 2

causes of snoring in children?

Answer 2

• hypertrophied adenoids
• alllergic rhinitis
• septal deviation
• foerieng body

Question 3

what age do adenoids involute?

Answer 3

age 12

Question 4

new born snuffly nose cause?

Answer 4

inferior turbinates

Question 5

how to treat inferior turbinate large newborn?

Answer 5

saline drops
vasoconstrictor drops
topical steroids

Question 6

allergic rhinitis, need to also looks for?

Answer 6

dust mite skin prick testing

-FESS spray

Question 7

OSA in children, looks at what treatment?

Answer 7

tonsils and adenoids

Question 8

OSA and growth?

Answer 8

GH released during sleep

Question 9

who to do sleep studies on?

Answer 9

• borderline symptoms
• central component
• parents req
• downs?

Question 10

when to refer to ENT?

Answer 10

chronic snoring + mouth breathing

-OSA symptoms

Question 11

peak of tonsillitis?

Answer 11

ages 5-8

Question 12

what increases risk of tonsillitis?

Answer 12

already has viral pharyngitis

previous tonsillitis

Question 13

3 signs of the inflamed tonsils?

Answer 13

parenchymatous: red swollen
follicular: white dots
membranous: EBV

Question 14

throat swab for tonsillitis?

Answer 14

• maybe
• helps tell if bacterial on surface
• doesn’t tell deeper causative organism

Question 15

how to treat EBV?

Answer 15

TLC

steroids: state does
- penicillin for secondary bacterial infection (not amoxicillin)

Question 16

tonsillectomy indications?

Answer 16

6 attacker in one year
4-5 for 2 years
3 for 3 years
Quinsy x2
systemic infections + tonsillitis

Question 17

stridor inspiratory, likely where?

Answer 17

supraglottic

laryngomalacia

Question 18

stridor biphasic, likely where?

Answer 18

subglottic/foreign body

Question 19

stridor expiratory, likely where?

Answer 19

tracheal
bronchial
foreign body/tracheomalacia

Question 20

when does laryngomalacia start at what age

Answer 20

6 weeks-ish

Question 21

what age does laryngomalacia usually outgrow?

Answer 21

18 months

Question 22

vocal cord palsy what imaging?

Answer 22

MRI to exclude mass pressing against recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 23

what diagnoses to think of for kids with slowly increasing stridor?

Answer 23

respiratory papilloma

subglotitic hemangioma

Question 24

how to treat subglottic hemangioma?

Answer 24

propranolol

Question 25

what is tracheomalacia?

Answer 25

softening of tracheal rings