3.4- evaluating the effectiveness of agencies in achieving social control Flashcards

(36 cards)

1
Q

how does the strength of community policing in the poice achieve social control

A

-community policing initatives like the neighbourhood policing team directly adress local concerns and act as a visible deterrent
-from 2018 to 2021 the initative of operation concordant in manchester reduced anti social behaviour by 32%

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2
Q

how does the strength of specialist units in the poice achieve social control

A

-trained to deal with complex issues like the counter-terrorism unit which is trained to handle high risk situations
-during the 2017 london bridge attack the threat was neutralised within 8 minutes
-this prevents further casualties

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3
Q

how does the strength of emergency response in the poice achieve social control

A

-provide 24/7 emergency response service and often appear first at a crime scene
-on average the response time to 999 calls is 10 seconds where they arrive within 15 miniutes to cat 1 incidents
-follows the golden hour where responding within an year results in securing significantly more evidence

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4
Q

how does the weakness of budget cuts in the poice fail to achieve social control

A

-not enough officers to maintain external social control
-in 2010 the budget was cut by 20% resulting in the loss of 20,000 officers
-means theres fewer resources available and an increase in response time making communities feel less protected especially rural areas

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5
Q

how does the weakness of police prioritisation in the poice fail to achieve social control

A

-leads to investigations being dropped due to a lack of resouces
-in 2021 the home office reported that 77% of burglary cases were closed without a suspect
-also prioritisation results in minor crimes being unresolved like vandalism
-this creates feelings of injustice and the perception that some crimes arent taken seriously which reduced public confidence

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6
Q

how does the weakness of police misconduct in the poice fail to achieve social control

A

-in the form of excessive force or corruption
-in 2023 the home office found thay 115 officers were found guilty of crimes
-for example Wayne couzens misused his authority while being a serving officer to abduct and murder sarah everard
-highlights systematic failures like poor vetting
-undermines the legitimacy of the police

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7
Q

how does the strength of independence in the CPS achieve social control

A

-operates as an independant body established under the prosecution of offences act 1985
-by being separated from the police it prevents a conflict of intertests
-must access whether cases meet the required standards of the full code test
-ensures that cases are conducted without undue influence or bias

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8
Q

how does the strength of availability in the CPS achieve social control

A

-the CPS direct operates 24/7 providing immediate legal charging advise to the police
-in 2021, the CPS direct handled over 240,000 cases ensuring a timely decisions
-promoting efficency as charges are decided promptly

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9
Q

how does the strength of victims and witness support in the CPS achieve social control

A

-initative of the vicitms right to review scheme (VRR) gives victims the power to challenge decisions not to prosecute
-witness care units (WCU) care for vicimtims and witnesses from charge to conclusion of a case
-improves confidence and cooperation

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10
Q

how does the weakness of unsuccessful prosecutions in the CPS fail to achieve social control

A

-lack success in prosecuting in complex cases such as rape
-heavily criticised due to significant collapses
-in 2019/20 only 1.6% of reported rapes resulted in charge
-from 2016 to 2020 the rape prosecutions have fell by 59%
-undermines confidence on ability to protect victims

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11
Q

how does the weakness of budget cuts in the CPS fail to achieve social control

A

-led to significant understaffing and increased workloads
-in 2010 the budget was cut by 25% and staff fell by over 2,400
-the house of commons justice committee in 2021 found that this led to a loss in experienced personnel
leads to prosecutorial errors

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12
Q

how does the weakness of delayed justice in the CPS fail to achieve social control

A

-critised for being overly bureaucratic which slows the process of justice
-the national audit office have consistently flagged concerns due to the long administrative process
-during mid 2021 there was the backlog of 60,000 outstanding cases
-results in delayed justice

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13
Q

how does the strength of indepedence in the judiciary achieve social control

A

-under the constitutional reform act(2005) it is formally separated from government branches
-furthermore judges take an oath to uphold impartially and no bias
-reinforces their duty to make decisions solely on evidence and the law
-this protects citizens rights and maintains integrity

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14
Q

how does the strength of consistency in the judiciary achieve social control

A

-judges use precedents and sentencing guidelines to ensure consistency
-principle of “stare decisis” requires courts to follow precedents by higher courts
-in 2019, 75% of sentences closely adhered to to the guidelines
-leads to standardised judicial decisions showing impartially

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15
Q

how does the strength of expertise and legal knowledge in the judiciary achieve social control

A

-enables them to interpret complex legislation and adjudicate a range of cases
-the judicial appointments commission appoints judges based on merit
-evident as judges in higher courts are typically former barristers
-once appointed judged undergo further training by the judicial college

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16
Q

how does the weakness of unduly lenient sentencing in the judiciary fail to achieve social control

A

-undermines public confidence
-in 2021, 106/151 of cases reffered to the scheme were given a sentence increase after review
-in 2020 a man recieved the sentence of 5 years for raping a child however this was later increased to 9
-cases like lavinia woodward create a perception of injustice

17
Q

how does the weakness of lacking representation in the judiciary fail to achieve social control

A

-perceived as being out of touch with reality which impacts public confidence
-doesnt reflect the diversity of the population
-in 2022 the judicial diversity forum revealed only 8% of judges were black, asian or ethnic minority(BAME), and only 34% women
-described as “pale, male and stale”
-perception of bias

18
Q

how does the weakness of limited availability in the judiciary fail to achieve social control

A

-limited judges has led to backlogs and delays
-only 1,000 crown court judges which is insufficent for growing demand of trials
-crown court sitting days have been capped which reduces availability
-as of 2023 there is delays of 65,000 crown court cases
-leads to lack of faith in system as offenders remain unpunished

19
Q

how does the strength of incapacitation in the prison service achieve social control

A

-protects the public from harm by incarcerating those who pose a risk
-in 2023 the prison population was 88,000 offenders
-by being unable to harm the public, theres immediate protection and reassurance which upholds public trust

20
Q

how does the strength of fear of punishment in the prison service achieve social control

A

-deter potential offenders through fear of punishment
-consequences such as loss of liberty
-therfore the prospect of prison acts as a warning

21
Q

how does the strength of rehabilitation in the prison service achieve social control

A

-helps offenders reform
-offer structured inititives
-such as “learning together” adress the underyling causes which was the case for Ryan Herbert who had his sentence reduced
-these equip the offender with skills and the mindset to reintegrate into society

22
Q

how does the weakness of overcrowding in the prison service fail to achieve social control

A

-undermines rehabilitation efforts
-in the last 30 years prison population has risen by 80%
-led to many prisons being over capacity such as HMP Wandsworth which was designed to accomomdate 1,000 has currently 1,600
-as a result inmates spend 22 hours a day in their cell with limited access to education

23
Q

how does the weakness of budget cuts in the prison service fail to achieve social control

A

-led to subsequent staffing cuts
-in 2010 budget was cut by 22% leading to a 15% staff reduction
-resulted in an increase of unexperienced staff, with 1/3 of officers with under 2 years of experience
-makes it harder to maintain control such as the 2016 HMP Birmingham riot lasting 15 hours

24
Q

how does the weakness of high recidivism rates in the prison service fail to achieve social control

A

-result of poor quality rehabilitation
-the prison reform trust found many offenders recieve limited access to meaningful education
-in 2021 only 13% of offenders participated in full time education
-leads to high reoffending rates, with 42% reoffending after 12 months
-imposes additional costs to society

25
how does the strength of adressing the root cause in the NPS achieve social control
-provide access to rehabilitation programmes like alcohol treatment -the ministry of justice (2021) found offenders who completed rehabilitation programmes were 40% less likely to reoffend -facilities offenders reintegration back into society
26
how does the strength of lowering recidivism in the NPS achieve social control
-supervising high risk offenders -managed via risk assessments and tailored intervention plans -the HM inspectorate of probation(2022) found close supervision of high risk offenders leads to a 25% decrease in recidivism -protects the public
27
how does the strength of collaberation with other agencies in the NPS achieve social control
-through MAPPA the NPS works alongside the police and prison service to monitor high risk offenders -the HM prison and probation service(2022) found MAPPA effectively reduced violent recidivism -close monitoring such as electronic tagging ensures risk are mitigated
28
how does the weakness of budget cuts in the NPS fail to achieve social control
-reduced the number of spaces on specialist rehabilitation programmes -offenders are left without access to vital support -the MH inspectorate of probation found that 43% of offenders could not promptly enroll -additionally only 1/6 drug users are being regulary tested -undermines service goal of addressing the root cause
29
how does the weakness of understaffing in the NPS fail to achieve social control
-as a result of chronic underfunding theres higher caseloads and lower quality support -in 2022 there was a shortfall of 1,700 officers according to the ministry of justice -led to a 20% increase in caseload per officer leading to rushed risk assessments -for example, Damien Bendall murdered 3 children and his pregnant partner after being rated as medium risk -comprises public safety
30
how does the weakness of failed privitisation in the NPS fail to achieve social control
-during a partial privitisation there was poor quality supervision -in 2014 21 CRC's were tasked with supervising low risk offenders on a payment result basis -19/21 failed to meet targets with many being supervised via telephone -provided inadequate protection to the public -led to contracts being terminated in 2020
31
how does the strength of raising awareness in charities achieve social control
-encourage societal change -the prison reform trust uses the bromley briefings to highlight systemic issued -published biannually, providing detailed analysis and stats on state of prisons -highlights issues like overcrowding and reoffending rates -an evidence based approach influences public opinion
32
how does the strength of successful legal reform in charities achieve social control
-NACRO helped end friday releases to aid smoother transitions of newly released offenders -the howard league were successful in pressuring the government to overturn the policy on banning books being sent to prisoners -by aiding rehabilitation they are actively improving the CJS
33
how does the strength of specialist knowledge in charities achieve social control
-strong committment for specific issues -the women in prison charity recognises their unique challenges and care giving responsibilites -adress specific needs of marginalised groups by offering tailored support -helps them reintegrate into society thus breaking the cycles of crime
34
how does the weakness of dependence on public support in charities fail to achieve social control
-are voluntary organisations and only exist when people are concerned about a particular issue -meaning smaller organisations adressing less visible issues like rural crime struggle with funding -leads to an uneven distribution of resources -in 2018, 570 charities closed with 370 starting -this reliance makes their pressence inconsistent
35
how does the weakness of limited budget in charities fail to achieve social control
-dont receive government funding making them reliant on donations and fundraising efforts -in 2003 the government awarded £6 billion in grants, however over last 20 years this has been reduced by 50% -by working on a precarious budget it impairs ability to provide long term support -struggle to deliver essential services
36
how does the weakness of lack of authority in charities fail to achieve social control
-no direct power to enforce laws thus reducing influence -the success of the howard league for penal reform is entirely dependent upon the willingness of agencies -this hinders their ability to immediately implement solutions