3.4- evaluating the effectiveness of agencies in achieving social control Flashcards
(36 cards)
how does the strength of community policing in the poice achieve social control
-community policing initatives like the neighbourhood policing team directly adress local concerns and act as a visible deterrent
-from 2018 to 2021 the initative of operation concordant in manchester reduced anti social behaviour by 32%
how does the strength of specialist units in the poice achieve social control
-trained to deal with complex issues like the counter-terrorism unit which is trained to handle high risk situations
-during the 2017 london bridge attack the threat was neutralised within 8 minutes
-this prevents further casualties
how does the strength of emergency response in the poice achieve social control
-provide 24/7 emergency response service and often appear first at a crime scene
-on average the response time to 999 calls is 10 seconds where they arrive within 15 miniutes to cat 1 incidents
-follows the golden hour where responding within an year results in securing significantly more evidence
how does the weakness of budget cuts in the poice fail to achieve social control
-not enough officers to maintain external social control
-in 2010 the budget was cut by 20% resulting in the loss of 20,000 officers
-means theres fewer resources available and an increase in response time making communities feel less protected especially rural areas
how does the weakness of police prioritisation in the poice fail to achieve social control
-leads to investigations being dropped due to a lack of resouces
-in 2021 the home office reported that 77% of burglary cases were closed without a suspect
-also prioritisation results in minor crimes being unresolved like vandalism
-this creates feelings of injustice and the perception that some crimes arent taken seriously which reduced public confidence
how does the weakness of police misconduct in the poice fail to achieve social control
-in the form of excessive force or corruption
-in 2023 the home office found thay 115 officers were found guilty of crimes
-for example Wayne couzens misused his authority while being a serving officer to abduct and murder sarah everard
-highlights systematic failures like poor vetting
-undermines the legitimacy of the police
how does the strength of independence in the CPS achieve social control
-operates as an independant body established under the prosecution of offences act 1985
-by being separated from the police it prevents a conflict of intertests
-must access whether cases meet the required standards of the full code test
-ensures that cases are conducted without undue influence or bias
how does the strength of availability in the CPS achieve social control
-the CPS direct operates 24/7 providing immediate legal charging advise to the police
-in 2021, the CPS direct handled over 240,000 cases ensuring a timely decisions
-promoting efficency as charges are decided promptly
how does the strength of victims and witness support in the CPS achieve social control
-initative of the vicitms right to review scheme (VRR) gives victims the power to challenge decisions not to prosecute
-witness care units (WCU) care for vicimtims and witnesses from charge to conclusion of a case
-improves confidence and cooperation
how does the weakness of unsuccessful prosecutions in the CPS fail to achieve social control
-lack success in prosecuting in complex cases such as rape
-heavily criticised due to significant collapses
-in 2019/20 only 1.6% of reported rapes resulted in charge
-from 2016 to 2020 the rape prosecutions have fell by 59%
-undermines confidence on ability to protect victims
how does the weakness of budget cuts in the CPS fail to achieve social control
-led to significant understaffing and increased workloads
-in 2010 the budget was cut by 25% and staff fell by over 2,400
-the house of commons justice committee in 2021 found that this led to a loss in experienced personnel
leads to prosecutorial errors
how does the weakness of delayed justice in the CPS fail to achieve social control
-critised for being overly bureaucratic which slows the process of justice
-the national audit office have consistently flagged concerns due to the long administrative process
-during mid 2021 there was the backlog of 60,000 outstanding cases
-results in delayed justice
how does the strength of indepedence in the judiciary achieve social control
-under the constitutional reform act(2005) it is formally separated from government branches
-furthermore judges take an oath to uphold impartially and no bias
-reinforces their duty to make decisions solely on evidence and the law
-this protects citizens rights and maintains integrity
how does the strength of consistency in the judiciary achieve social control
-judges use precedents and sentencing guidelines to ensure consistency
-principle of “stare decisis” requires courts to follow precedents by higher courts
-in 2019, 75% of sentences closely adhered to to the guidelines
-leads to standardised judicial decisions showing impartially
how does the strength of expertise and legal knowledge in the judiciary achieve social control
-enables them to interpret complex legislation and adjudicate a range of cases
-the judicial appointments commission appoints judges based on merit
-evident as judges in higher courts are typically former barristers
-once appointed judged undergo further training by the judicial college
how does the weakness of unduly lenient sentencing in the judiciary fail to achieve social control
-undermines public confidence
-in 2021, 106/151 of cases reffered to the scheme were given a sentence increase after review
-in 2020 a man recieved the sentence of 5 years for raping a child however this was later increased to 9
-cases like lavinia woodward create a perception of injustice
how does the weakness of lacking representation in the judiciary fail to achieve social control
-perceived as being out of touch with reality which impacts public confidence
-doesnt reflect the diversity of the population
-in 2022 the judicial diversity forum revealed only 8% of judges were black, asian or ethnic minority(BAME), and only 34% women
-described as “pale, male and stale”
-perception of bias
how does the weakness of limited availability in the judiciary fail to achieve social control
-limited judges has led to backlogs and delays
-only 1,000 crown court judges which is insufficent for growing demand of trials
-crown court sitting days have been capped which reduces availability
-as of 2023 there is delays of 65,000 crown court cases
-leads to lack of faith in system as offenders remain unpunished
how does the strength of incapacitation in the prison service achieve social control
-protects the public from harm by incarcerating those who pose a risk
-in 2023 the prison population was 88,000 offenders
-by being unable to harm the public, theres immediate protection and reassurance which upholds public trust
how does the strength of fear of punishment in the prison service achieve social control
-deter potential offenders through fear of punishment
-consequences such as loss of liberty
-therfore the prospect of prison acts as a warning
how does the strength of rehabilitation in the prison service achieve social control
-helps offenders reform
-offer structured inititives
-such as “learning together” adress the underyling causes which was the case for Ryan Herbert who had his sentence reduced
-these equip the offender with skills and the mindset to reintegrate into society
how does the weakness of overcrowding in the prison service fail to achieve social control
-undermines rehabilitation efforts
-in the last 30 years prison population has risen by 80%
-led to many prisons being over capacity such as HMP Wandsworth which was designed to accomomdate 1,000 has currently 1,600
-as a result inmates spend 22 hours a day in their cell with limited access to education
how does the weakness of budget cuts in the prison service fail to achieve social control
-led to subsequent staffing cuts
-in 2010 budget was cut by 22% leading to a 15% staff reduction
-resulted in an increase of unexperienced staff, with 1/3 of officers with under 2 years of experience
-makes it harder to maintain control such as the 2016 HMP Birmingham riot lasting 15 hours
how does the weakness of high recidivism rates in the prison service fail to achieve social control
-result of poor quality rehabilitation
-the prison reform trust found many offenders recieve limited access to meaningful education
-in 2021 only 13% of offenders participated in full time education
-leads to high reoffending rates, with 42% reoffending after 12 months
-imposes additional costs to society