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cell biology > Lecture 8 DNA, Chromosome, and Genomes > Flashcards

Lecture 8 DNA, Chromosome, and Genomes Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards
1
Q

What does antiparallel mean

A

Strands go in opposite directions

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2
Q

What is the backbone of DNA made up of

A

Phosphodiester bonds (phosphate between 2 ribose)

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3
Q

What are the bases of DNA

A

They make rings

A=T, C=G

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4
Q

What are base pairs of DNA

A

Length of DNA

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5
Q

What are genes

A

Sections of DNA that are responsible for one product/protein (20,000 to 25,000 bp)

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6
Q

What are introns

A

sequences of DNA not translated

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7
Q

What are exons

A

DNA sequences that are transcribed AND translated

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8
Q

What is a chromosome

A

1 DNA molecule

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9
Q

What is a Centromere/Kinetochore

A

sister chromatids attached and where microtubules attach during mitosis and meiosis

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10
Q

What are telomeres

A

The section at the end of the chromosomes

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11
Q

What is telomerase

A

Maintains the telomeres. Reverse transcriptase

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12
Q

What are supercoils

A

Double helix that wraps around itself (compacted)

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13
Q

What is chromatin

A

The structure of chromosomal DNA

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14
Q

What is heterochromatin and euchromatin

A

Heterochromatin- tightly packed

Euchromatin- loosely packed

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15
Q

What are histones

A

proteins used to pack DNA (positively charged/attract DNA)

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16
Q

What are nucleosomes/chromatosomes

A

histones with DNA wrapped around it

17
Q

What is chromatin remodeling

A

the process of transforming heterochromatin to euchromatin (or the other way around)

Another was of regulating which DNA/genes are expressed (transcribed)

18
Q

What are enhancers/silencers

A

DNA sequences that respectively increase/decrease transcription of a particular gene by chromatin remodeling

Enhancers are likely to recruit histone kinase and acetylase

19
Q

What is the SQI/SNF complex

A

A protein that does the remodeling

20
Q

What are ORF’s

A

Open Reading Frames- sections of DNA that are transcribed (one for each gene)

cell biology (27 decks)

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