Attachment

Question 1

What are the three qualities of social attachment?

Answer 1

Strong, Enduring, Specific

Question 2

What is the major goal of the biological process called bonding?

Answer 2

Development and maintenance of closeness

Question 3

What sense and neurotransmitter is critical for the identification of the mother by the child?

Answer 3

Smell and NE

Question 4

What does the somatosensory system enable the pup to do?

Answer 4

Orient itself to suckle

Question 5

Which 2 NTs are maternal behavior of attachment mediated by?

Answer 5

Oxytocin and Estrogen

Question 6

Estrogen regulates the number of what?

Answer 6

Oxytocin receptors

Question 7

Why do crack and haloperidol disrupt maternal behavior?

Answer 7

It blocks dopamine, which mediates maternal behavior

Question 8

Prairie voles have their oxytocin receptor distributed where and what does this cause?

Answer 8

They are in the Prelimbic Cortex and Nucleus Accumbens, which are the reward centers. This causes this animal to be monogamous and raise its kids.

Question 9

What’s blocked in the female prairie vole after you inject oxytocin receptor antagonist specifically in the NA or the PLC?

Answer 9

Partner preference

Question 10

Oxytocin helps what contract?

Answer 10

Uterus

Question 11

Under intense stress/trauma, what circuits are primed by oxytocin to form attachments?

Answer 11

Social reward circuit

Question 12

What conditions are needed to develop attachment?

Answer 12

Sufficient interaction with caregiver, discriminative ability of infant, mirror neurons of infant, baby must perceive caregiver as permanent

Question 13

Phase I, indiscriminate sociability, occurs during ____ and they behave in the same way to anyone who acts as a _______. They also develop a social ____

Answer 13

first two months; caregiver; smile

Question 14

Phase II has infants _____ between familiar people and strangers. Age range is ____

Answer 14

differentiating; 2-7 months

Question 15

Infants can _____ interactions during phase II with their caregivers

Answer 15

influence

Question 16

Phase III infants can use their caregiver as a ____ ___ to explore

Answer 16

secure base

Question 17

What is the still face experiment?

Answer 17

When a baby interacts with an expressionless mom, it tries to elicit a reaction then it turns away looking sad as hell

Question 18

When do children development stranger anxiety and what is it?

Answer 18

6-8 months; it’s a distress reaction to a stranger because the baby can’t assimilate the new faces

Question 19

When do children development separation anxiety and what is it?

Answer 19

Child placed in a weird place without their caregiver (they also can’t find them) at 10-18 months.

Question 20

Three factors which are important to strong and healthy attachments

Answer 20

Attunement (appropriate intensity in parent-child interaction), predictability of parental response, and time sensitivity (2 years)

Question 21

When does the avoidant response occur?

Answer 21

When the parents are consistently bad at parenting (don’t follow the three rules of strong and healthy attachments_

Question 22

Attunement is learning the “____” of your child- to prevent the mismatch with need and nurturance

Answer 22

language

Question 23

What is intentional attunement?

Answer 23

A phenomenal state where familiarity is generated with someone else due to internalizations

Question 24

Depressed moms have less ______ ____ to their own child’s cry

Answer 24

neural activation

Question 25

Three phases of separation response

Answer 25

protest (cry), then despair (hopelessness), finally detached to the situation

Question 26

Initially, babies get ___ in response to loss. If ___ doesn’t occur with new caregivers, babies will become _____ _____

Answer 26

depressed; reorganization; emotionally blunted

Question 27

What is failure to thrive?

Answer 27

Babies don’t move, gain weight, engage the word

Question 28

Anaclitic depression involves what position?

Answer 28

Fetal