Chemistry (Organic chemistry)

Question 1

Homologous series is?

Answer 1

same functional group

same structural formuala

Question 2

definitions for structural formula and displayed formula?

Answer 2

displayed- shows every atom and every bond

structural formula- shows a simpied version of all the ome

Question 3

suffix/prefix and functional group for all molecules?

Answer 3

alkenes- C=C, CnH2n
alkanes- C-C, CnH2n+2
alcohols- 0-H, CnH2n+1 (end with -ol ALWAYS)
esters- Ch3-C=0 (oate)
aldehydes- H-C=0 (ends with -al)/ (starts with hydroxy)
ketones- C=0 (end with one/starts with oxo- No number positions
IF KETONE AND ALDEHYDE OR ALCOHOL IN SAME MOLECULE ADLEHYDE?ALCOHOL TAKES PRIOTIRTY
STARTS WITH OXO
Carboxylic acid- COOH-C=0

Question 4

Naming organic comounds?

Answer 4

carboh longest chain- meth, eyth,prop, but
identify funcitonal group(s)
If not an alkane, idnetify shortest number to functional group
Idenitfy other gorups e.g. methyl groups, halogen atoms

Question 5

If halogen atoms..?

Answer 5

alphabetical, doesn’t matter if number order isnt right

Question 6

naming methyl groups?

Answer 6

methyl- CH3
ethyl - CH3CH2
Propyl- CH3CH2CH2
Butyl- CH3CH2CH2CH2

Question 7

How many hydrogens shoukld it have when you star adding groups?

Answer 7

add CH3 - need to take away 1 hydorgen and add 3 (should be two more thanorigial chain -CHECK WHETHER ALKANE OR ALKENE)
add CH3CH2- need to take away 1 +2+2
Alcohol- take away 1 and add one (number should stay the same)
haloalkane- 1 less hydrogen

Question 8

Only after propene can alkanes start..?

Answer 8

having a number position for the functional group of C=C

Question 9

Alkanes can either be straight-chained or ?

Answer 9

branched chain- pack less closely together

less bond enthalpy (energy to break)

Question 10

How does the m.p//b.p change with change length?

Answer 10

icreases-more Van der Waala forced

Question 11

Isomersism means?

Answer 11

same molecular formulka (number of atoms) but differnt diplayed and strucutural formula

Question 12

Differnt types of isomers?

Answer 12

geometric isomers- JUST FOR ALKANES

strucutral isomers

Question 13

What are structural isomers?

Answer 13

positional iosomerism- functional group is another place e.g but-1-ene and but-2-eme
Functional group isomerism- fucntional group changes e.g. alcohol>ester
Chian isomer-s hydrocarbon chain changes to make branches/chains
e.g. butane>2-methyl-propane