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3rd Nine Weeks Exam Flashcards

(88 cards)

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1
Q

Father of genetics

A

Gregor Mendel

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2
Q

Process of a plant fertilizing itself, pollination

A

Self-fertilization

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3
Q

Fertilizing a flower with pollen from another flower

A

Cross-fertilization

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4
Q

Both alleles of an organism are not the same

A

Heterozygous

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5
Q

Both alleles in an organism are the same

A

Homozygous

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6
Q

Trait that is expressed when factors for two opposing traits are present

A

Dominance

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7
Q

Trait that is hidden when two genes for opposing traits are present

A

Recessive

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8
Q

Diagram used to determine the probability of the offsprings phenotype and genotype

A

Punnett square

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9
Q

When two alleles are both expressed resulting in a blending

A

Incomplete dominance

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10
Q

Expression of both alleles in a heterozygous offspring

A

Codominance

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11
Q

Doesn’t exhibit the characteristic but has the gene for that trait

A

Carrier

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12
Q

The genetic makeup of an individual organism

A

Genotype

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13
Q

Physical characteristics

A

Phenotype

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14
Q

Several different alleles at a given locus ex. Blood types

A

Multiple alleles

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15
Q

Mating an organism that has the dominant phenotype but unknown genotype with another organism that has the homozygous recessive phenotype

A

Test cross

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16
Q

Chart used to find presence or absence of a trait in a number of generations

A

Pedigree

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17
Q

A cross between individuals that deals with only one set of alleles, short and tall pea plant

A

Monohybrid cross

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18
Q

Cross dealing with two traits

A

Dihybrid cross

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19
Q

Know the genotypes for blood types

A

AA Ao BB Bo oo AB

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20
Q

Person with 2 X chromosomes

A

Female

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21
Q

Has an x and a Y chromosome

A

Males

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22
Q

Sex cells

A

Gametes

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23
Q

Starting with one cell the final results of meiosis are __ __ cells

A

4, haploid

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24
Q

Cell division in which the chromosome number is reduced from diploid to haploid

A

Meiosis

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25
Trait carried only on the x sex chromosome is
X/sex linked
26
Any chromosome other than the sex Chromosomes
Autosomes
27
Reproduction that Produces identical offspring
Asexual
28
A genetic change involving either the number of chromosomes or arrangement of genes on a chromosome
Chromosomal changes
29
Changing of the gene itself, alters the sequence of nucleotides
Gene mutations
30
Chromosome number is exact multiple of the haploid number
Euploidy
31
Having two or more sets of chromosomes
Polyploidy
32
Having 3 complete sets of chromosomes
Triploidy
33
Either lack chromosomes or have extra ones
Aneuploids
34
The failure of a pair of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis
Nondisjunction
35
Down syndrome is caused by a human __ condition
Aneuploid
36
2 nonhomologous chromosomes exchange genetic information
Translocation
37
The complete loss of a segment of a chromosome
Deletion
38
Segment breaks off and reattaches at the same position but in reverse order
Inversion
39
When only one or a few nucleotides are changed
Point mutation
40
Nucleotide is removed and replaced with a different nucleotide in the DNA sequence
Substitution
41
An extra nucleotide is placed in the DNA sequence
Nucleotide addition
42
A nucleotide is removed from the DNA sequence
Nucleotide deletion
43
Moving of the whole codon chain
Frame shift
44
Frame shift mutations are caused by __ or __
Addition, deletion
45
Mutation least likely to cause severe problems
Substitution
46
Anything that causes a mutation to occur
Mutagen
47
A mutation that occurs in the body cells
Somatic mutation
48
Mutation in the sex/gamete cells
Germ mutation
49
Abnormal mass of cells made by abnormal cell division
Tumor
50
Non-cancerous
Benign
51
Cancerous
Malignant
52
Spreading of cancer
Metastasize
53
Any substance that increases the risk of cancer
Carcinogen
54
A break in the cell cycle causing abnormal cell division
Cancer
55
An overall perspective enabling a person to see and interpret the world
Worldview
56
Components of a Christian worldview
1. God made the world and placed humans at its center to glorify him 2. The world has fallen into a broken condition because of sin 3. God is working to redeem this world to himself
57
Components of evolutionary theory
1. Cosmological beginnings 2. Biological evolution 3. Philosophy of evolution
58
Lamarck theory of evolution
1. Theory of need 2. Theory of use and disuse 3. Inheritance of acquired characteristics
59
Age of the earth from a biblical perspective
6000-7000 years old
60
Age of the earth to an evolutionist
4.5-4.6 billion years old
61
Published origin of species
Charles Darwin
62
Survival of the fittest
Natural selection
63
All living things descended from a single life form called what
A common ancestor
64
Greek scientist and philosopher who attempted at a classification system
Aristotle
65
Classification system based on observable characteristics
Artificial classification system
66
Binomial nomenclature is a method of
Naming organisms
67
Created binomial nomenclature
Carolus Linnaeus
68
What language is used for Linnaeus’s classification system
Latin
69
List the 3 domains
1. Archae 2. Bacteria 3. Eukaria
70
List the six kingdoms
Kingdom phylum class order family genus species
71
Examples of organisms belonging to kingdom fungi
Mushrooms, molds
72
Examples of animals in kingdom protista
Amoebas and paramecium
73
Biological keys are used to ___ organisms
Identify
74
Organisms described as extremophiles
Kingdom Archaebacteria
75
Mold growing on bread is in what kingdom
Kingdom fungi
76
Multicellular organisms that are eukaryotic and photosynthetic are in what kingdom
Plantae
77
2 kingdoms of bacteria
Eubacteria and archaebacteria
78
How are bacteria beneficial
Medicine food and digestion
79
Person who studies microscopic organisms
Microbiologist
80
The shapes of bacteria
Coccus, bacillus, and spirillum
81
How are bacteria classified
Unicellular, prokaryotic organisms
82
Complex of carbohydrates and proteins in the cell wall
Peptidoglycan
83
How do bacteria reproduce
Binary fission
84
Type of asexual reproduction bacteria use
Binary fission
85
Transduction, transformation and conjugation
3 ways bacteria transfer genetic material to
86
3 types of RNA
mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA
87
DNA to mRNA is
Transcription
88
mRNA to protein is
Translation

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