Ooga Booga Christmas exam Flashcards
(170 cards)
1
Q
Exercising wise dominion over all creation
A
Creation mandate
2
Q
Father of microscopy
A
Anton von Leeuwenhoek
3
Q
Recorded information from an experiment or survey is called
A
Data
4
Q
What is the first thing you do using the scientific method
A
Define the problem
5
Q
A microscope with one lense
A
Simple microscope
6
Q
A microscope with 2 sets of lenses that allows light to pass through
A
Compound light microscope
7
Q
Backbone of the microscope, supports the body tube
A
Arm
8
Q
What is the large knob on each side of the microscope that moves the body tube and quickly focuses on the specimen
A
Coarse adjustment knob
9
Q
One of the lenses on a revolving nose piece so the magnification of the specimen can be varied is called
A
An objective
10
Q
Small knobs that produce a sharp focus are called
A
Fine adjustment knobs
11
Q
Fastenings that hold the slide in place are called
A
Stage clips
12
Q
If the eye piece has a magnification of 10X and the objective has a magnification of 50X, what is the total power of magnification
A
500X
13
Q
What is the magnification power of the eyepiece on our microscope
A
10X
14
Q
What is the only difference between the control group and the experimental group
A
The independent variable
15
Q
What is the control group used for
A
Comparison
16
Q
In which group do you find the independent variable
A
The experimental group
17
Q
What is the study of life
A
Biology
18
Q
What is an educated guess
A
A hypothesis
19
Q
Define semipermeable
A
Only certain substances can pass through
20
Q
Define permeable
A
Anything can go through
21
Q
The net movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
A
Diffusion
22
Q
Diffusion will continue until what point
A
Equilibrium
23
Q
Diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane
A
Osmosis
24
Q
An atom having a negative or positive charge
A
Ion
25
What are the subatomic particles found in the nucleus
Protons and neutrons
26
Anything that occupies space and has mass is called
Matter
27
A substance composed of two or more elements chemically combined
A compound
28
Change that altars appearance or form ex( chopping wood , freezing water)
Physical change
29
A change in substance ex( burning wood, baking)
Chemical change
30
A pure substance that cannot be further broken down into simpler substances by chemical means
An element
31
What are the four most common elements in living organisms
Carbon hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen
32
What are the three particles that make up an atom
Protons, neutrons, and electrons
33
The space surrounding the nucleus of an atom contains
Electrons
34
What best describes the atomic number of an atom
The number of protons
35
Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
An isotope
36
When atoms share electrons, what type of bonding is this?
Covalent bonding
37
What type of electron is available to form bonds
Valence
38
A homogeneous mixture of one or more substances within a substance
A solution
39
A mixture that is the same throughout
Homogeneous
40
What is the universal solvent
Water
41
Two agents of a solution
Solute and solvent
42
The tendency of molecules of the same kind to stick together is called
Cohesion
43
A reaction that absorbs heat energy
Endothermic reaction
44
A reaction that releases heat energy
Exothermic reaction
45
An enzyme that alters the speed of a reaction
Catalyst
46
Phospholipids are distinguishable from other lipids by the presence of a
Phosphate group
47
What is a solution that has an excess of hydrogen ions
Acid
48
A substance with a Ph between 1-6.9 is called an
An acid
49
A substance with a Ph between 7.1-14 is considered to be a
Base
50
What is the Ph of a neutral substance
7
51
What is the first law of thermodynamics
Energy cannot be created not destroyed
52
What is the ability to do work
Energy
53
The energy associated with motion is called
Kinetic energy
54
Amount of energy required to start a reaction
Activation energy
55
Smallest unit of an element
Atom
56
What makes up a nucleotide
A sugar a phosphate and a base
57
Substance that consists of 4 fused rings plus a side chains of carbons(chemical messengers of the body)
Steroid
58
What is the hereditary material that living things consist of
Nucleic acids( dna and rna)
59
What are the monomers of DNA and RNA
Nucleotides
60
What sugar does RNA contain that is different from DNA
Ribose
61
What are the basic building blocks of a protein
Amino acids
62
Saturated fatty acids will be in what form at room temperature
Solid
63
Lipids will be in what form at room temperature
Liquid
64
What accounts for the strength of plant cells
Cellulose
65
Two sugars combine to form a disaccharide by what process
Dehydration synthesis
66
The basic unit of carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
67
List two examples of monosaccharides
Glucose and fructose
68
All organic compounds contain
Carbon
69
Prepares and packages proteins to be secreted by the cell
Golgi apparatus
70
Place where ribosomes are made
Nucleolus
71
Powerhouse of the cell
Mitochondria
72
A group of similar cells that perform a similar function
Tissue
73
A group of tissues that perform a specific function
Organ
74
An organism that consists of a group of similar cells living together (ex mushroom)
Colonial organism
75
Example of a prokaryotic cell
Bacteria
76
Prokaryotes lack a proper
Nucleus
77
Controls movement of substances into and out of the cell
Cell membrane
78
What is the main function of the cell wall
Protect and support the cell
79
Cilia and flagella aid in
Cellular movement
80
Which organelle makes proteins
Ribosomes
81
Which organelle is associated with digestion in the cell
Lysosomes
82
What is the control center of the cell
Nucleus
83
Cellular drinking
Pinocytosis
84
Cellular eating
Phagocytosis
85
No energy is required, down concentration gradient
Passive transport
86
The cytoplasms long tubular extensions that are used in cellular movement
Flagella
87
What does the cell theory state
1. New cells come from the reproduction of existing cells
2. The cell is the basic unit of all living things
3. Cells perform the functions of all living things
88
Cork cells were identified by who
Robert Hooke
89
Man who described the nucleus as a special structure found in all cells
Robert brown
90
Who discovered that all plants are made of cells
Matthias schleiden
91
Type of passive transport that requires a helper protein
Facilitated diffusion
92
Who said animals are made up of cells
Theodor Schwann
93
What are the levels of cellular organization in correct order
Cell, tissue, organ, organ system
94
Energy is required, moves against concentration gradient
Active transport
95
Which solution has the same concentration inside and outside the cell
Isotonic
96
Which solution has a lower concentration of solutes outside the cell
Hypotonic
97
Solutes outside are higher concentration
Hypertonic
98
Releasing of cellular contents
Exocytosis
99
A group of organs performing a similar function
Organ system
100
What are the compounds that serve as organic catalysts that speed up chemical reactions
Enzymes
101
The net movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration of a substance to an area of lower concentration of a substance is called
Diffusion
102
DNA produces copies of itself by a process called
Replication
103
When water is added to split a molecule
Hydrolysis
104
What are the nitrogenous bases of DNA and RNA
DNA- adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine
RNA- adenine, uracil, guanine, cytosine
105
What is an autotroph
Makes its own food
106
What is a heterotroph
Requires food from other plants or animals for energy
107
The smaller, usable unit is the energy found in
ATP
108
ATP is a renewable
Energy
109
Process by plants absorb light and convert it to chemical energy
Photosynthesis
110
A green pigment that is the primary catalyst of photosynthesis
Chlorophyll
111
Special light absorbing molecules
Pigments
112
Where does photosynthesis take place
In the chloroplast
113
What is the light-dependent phase and where does it take place
Calvin cycle, the stroma
114
The breaking down of food substance into ATP
Cellular respiration
115
Reactions that Requires oxygen
Aerobic reactions
116
Reactions that don’t require oxygen
Anaerobic
117
The breaking down of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid
Glycolysis
118
How many ATPs are produced during cellular respiration
36 molecules
119
What is fermentation
The breakdown of food without oxygen
120
List 2 types of fermentation
Lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation
121
A pyruvic acid molecule is changed to ethyl alcohol in what process
Alcoholic fermentation
122
Pyruvic acid takes the hydrogen and electrons from NADH making lactic acid in what reaction
Lactic acid fermentation
123
What are species characteristics
Things such as 4 legs, lungs, or 2 eyes
124
What are individual characteristics
Things such as height, eye color, or skin color
125
The study of heredity
Genetics
126
What are the products of light reactions
NADPH ATP and oxygen
127
A section of DNA that produces a particular polypeptide chain of amino acids that causes a particular trait is called a
Gene
128
Long strands of DNA are called
Chromosomes
129
A fuzzy tangled mass of DNA
Chromatin material
130
Attachment point of two chromatids
Centromere
131
What is a duplicated chromosome called
A sister chromatid
132
A photographic inventory of chromosomes
Karyotype
133
Homologous pairs of chromosomes. 46 for humans
Diploids
134
Cells with only one set of chromosomes(sex cells) 23 for humans
Haploids
135
How many chromosomes does a human body cell have
46 or 23 pairs
136
The repeating cycle of events in the life of a cell is called the
Cell cycle
137
The cell spends most of its time in
Interphase
138
What are the 3 phases of interphase and list something about each one
G1(cell growth) S(DNA replication) G2(preparation for mitosis)
139
The division of the nuclear material of the cell
Mitosis
140
List the four phases of mitosis
Prophase metaphase anaphase telophase
141
Division of the cytoplasm
Cytokinesis
142
When during the cell cycle are chromosomes visible
Prophase
143
What forms in plant cell cytokinesis that divides the cell into two daughter cells
Cell plate
144
Form of reproduction that only requires mitosis. Give an example
Asexual reproduction (fragmentation, budding)
145
What are the three uses of mitosis
Growth, repair, and replacement of cells
146
The reduction of a cells chromosome number from diploid to haploid by two consecutive cell divisions
Meiosis
147
A pair of duplicated chromosomes paired together
Tetrad
148
Where does a tetrad form
Mitosis 1
149
The union of gametes
Fertilization
150
What are gametes
Sex cells
151
The union of haploid gametes to form a diploid zygote
Sexual reproduction
152
To fertilize a flower with the pollen from another flower
Cross pollination
153
Fertilizing a flower with its own pollen
Self pollination
154
Who is the father of genetics
Gregor Mendel
155
Always overshadows recessive represented by capital letters
Dominant trait
156
Must be homologous to show through, always masked, represented by lowercase letters
Recessive traits
157
The physical expression of an organisms genes
Phenotype
158
What are the specific genes that an organism contains- it’s genetic makeup
Genotype
159
What is the specific site on a chromosome where a particular gene is located
Locus
160
An alternate form of a gene
An allele
161
What is the condition where both alleles are the same
Homozygous
162
What is the condition where both alleles are not the same
Heterozygous
163
A diagram used to determine genetic crosses
Punnett square
164
What is a chart that geneticists use to trace the presence or absence of a trait in a number of generations
Pedigree
165
Involves mating an organism that has the dominant phenotype but an unknown genotype with another organism that has the homozygous recessive phenotype
Test cross
166
Two alleles are both expressed, blending of traits
Incomplete dominance
167
Two alleles for a gene are both expressed in a heterozygous offspring, no blending
Codominance
168
One of several alleles at a given locus
Multiple alleles
169
List the genotype for a person with blood type A, B, AB, and O
AA-AO, BB-BO, AB, and OO
170
A person who is homozygous for the recessive trait has which blood type
Type O
