Ooga Booga Protein Synthesis Test

Question 1

Contains all of your hereditary information in the form of genes

Answer 1

DNA

Question 2

A coded section of DNA that tells our cells how to build specific proteins

Answer 2

A gene

Question 3

Protein production locations

Answer 3

Ribosomes

Question 4

Codes for everything our body needs and does( saliva bones, eye shape)

Answer 4

Genes

Question 5

Does DNA need RNA

Answer 5

Yes

Question 6

A nucleic acid messenger between DNA and Ribosomes

Answer 6

RNA

Question 7

3 differences between DNA and RNA

Answer 7

• RNA has ribose sugar
• RNA is single stranded
• RNA contains the nitrogenous base uracil instead of thymine

Question 8

3 types of RNA

Answer 8

mRNA( messenger RNA)
rRNA(ribosomal RNA)
tRNA(transfer RNA)

Question 9

Copies DNA in the nucleus and carries the info to the ribosomes

Answer 9

mRNA

Question 10

Makes up a large part of the ribosome, reads and decodes mRNA

Answer 10

rRNA

Question 11

Carries amino acids to the ribosome where they are joined to form proteins

Answer 11

tRNA

Question 12

The assembly of amino acids(by RNA) into proteins

Answer 12

Protein synthesis

Question 13

Two steps of protein synthesis

Answer 13

Transcription and translation

Question 14

Copying DNA code into mRNA

Answer 14

Transcription

Question 15

Reading the mRNA code and assembling amino acids into a polypeptide chain

Answer 15

Translation

Question 16

Where does translation occur

Answer 16

In the ribosomes

Question 17

Sets of three bases that each code for one amino acid

Answer 17

Codons

Question 18

Each codon is matched to a ___

Answer 18

Anticodon

Question 19

This change either involves the number of chromosomes or the arrangement of genes in a chromosome

Answer 19

Chromosomal change

Question 20

A change in the sequence of bases in a gene

Answer 20

Mutation

Question 21

One single complete haploid set of an organisms chromosomes

Answer 21

Genome

Question 22

The condition of having a chromosome number that is an exact multiple of the haploid number

Answer 22

Euploidy

Question 23

A cell or organism that has three or more complete sets of chromosomes

Answer 23

Polyploid

Question 24

Lacks chromosomes or has extra

Result of an error during meiosis

Answer 24

Aneuploidy

Question 25

When a chromosome pair fails to separate during meiosis

Answer 25

Nondisjunction

Question 26

The union of a normal gamete with one that has an extra chromosome (ex. Down syndrome)

Answer 26

Trisomy

Question 27

The union of a normal gamete with one that lacks a chromosome (ex. Turner syndrome)

Answer 27

Monosomy

Question 28

Any change in the DNA of an organism

Answer 28

Mutation

Question 29

Two non homologous chromosomes exchange information during meiosis

Answer 29

Translocation

Question 30

A segment of the chromosome breaks off and is totally lost (ex. Cri Du Chat)

Answer 30

Deletion

Question 31

A segment of the chromosome breaks and reattaches in the opposite orientation

Answer 31

Inversion

Question 32

The alteration of an individual gene

Answer 32

Gene mutation

Question 33

A gene mutation involving only one nucleotide

Answer 33

Point mutation

Question 34

A nucleotide in the DNA sequence is replaced with a different nucleotide

Answer 34

Substitution

Question 35

An extra nucleotide is placed in the DNA sequence, this shifts everything down

Answer 35

Addition

Question 36

A nucleotide is removed from the DNA sequence

Answer 36

Deletion

Question 37

A shift of all the nucleotides from the point affected onward

Answer 37

Frame shift

Question 38

Produce no protein or very different proteins from normal. Lethal or can cause severe disease

Answer 38

Major effect

Question 39

Produce a protein that is only slightly different. Little effect on the organism

Answer 39

Minor effect

Question 40

Codon is not changed or codes for the same amino acid as the unmutated codon

Answer 40

No effect

Question 41

Anything that causes a mutation to occur (chemicals, radiation, or viruses)

Answer 41

Mutagen

Question 42

A mutation in a cell that doesn’t form gametes, no effect on the cell

Answer 42

Somatic mutation

Question 43

A mutation in a cell that forms gametes, may be lethal to gamete

Answer 43

Germ mutation

Question 44

The activation of a gene that results in its transcription and the production of a specific protein

Answer 44

Gene expression

Question 45

The specialization of cells; the process whereby a cell becomes a specific type of cell

Answer 45

Cellular differentiation

Question 46

Control of transcription, control of translation, control of hormones

Answer 46

Molecular factors

Question 47

Unrestrained cell growth that has escaped the normal controls of the cell cycle

Answer 47

Cancer

Question 48

An abnormal mass of cells produced by abnormal cell division

Answer 48

Tumor

Question 49

Cancer cells that stay within the tumor and do not spread to other parts of the body

Answer 49

Benign

Question 50

Cancers that invade surrounding tissues and may spread( metastasize)

Answer 50

Malignant

Question 51

A substance that increases the risk of cancer, certain chemicals viruses etc

Answer 51

Carcinogen

Question 52

Code for proteins that stimulate cell division or affect the synthesis of growth factors, promote cell growth

Answer 52

Proto-oncogenes

Question 53

Mutated proto-oncogenes

Answer 53

Oncogenes

Question 54

Cause cells to divide uncontrollably, this can lead to the growth of a tumor

Answer 54

Oncogenes

Question 55

Code for proteins that prevent uncontrolled cell-growth.

Answer 55

Tumor suppressor

Question 56

What is the most common gene found in cancer

Answer 56

P53 gene