4/10 Lecture E1

Question 1

What drives the need to breathe to take in Oxygen?

Answer 1

ATP synthesis

Question 2

What two systems collaborate to regulate the body’s acid-base balance?

Answer 2

respiratory and urinary

Question 3

How does the respiratory system help in blood pressure regulation?

Answer 3

by helping in synthesis of angiotensin II

Question 4

Where does incoming air stop?

Answer 4

alveoli

Question 5

What does the conducting zone include?

Answer 5

The passages that serve only as airflow, no gas exchange

Question 6

What does the respiratory zone include?

Answer 6

alveoli and other gas exchange regions

Question 7

What does the upper respiratory tract include?

Answer 7

nose through larynx

Question 8

what does the lower respiratory tract include?

Answer 8

trachea through lungs

Question 9

What is another work for the posterior nasal apertures?

Answer 9

choanae

Question 10

What is the nasal septum composed of?

Answer 10

hyaline cartilage

Question 11

What does the hard palate do?

Answer 11

separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity and allows breathing while chewing

Question 12

Where do the paranasal sinuses and nasolacrimal duct drain into?

Answer 12

the nasal cavity

Question 13

What is the vestibule of the nose lined with?

Answer 13

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 14

What are vibrissae

Answer 14

stiff guard hairs that block insects and debris from entering the nose

Question 15

What is the role of nasal conchae?

Answer 15

Narrowness and turbulence ensure that most air contacts mucous membranes; cleans, warms, and moistens the air

Question 16

what do goblet cells secrete?

Answer 16

mucus

Question 17

Which concha contains an extensive venous plexus?

Answer 17

inferior concha: swells to redirect airflow once or twice an hour.

Question 18

What are the three regions of the pharynx?

Answer 18

1) nasopharynx
2) oropharynx
3) laryngopharynx

Question 19

Which region of the pharynx passes only air?

Answer 19

nasopharynx

Question 20

What regions of the pharynx pass air, food, and drink?

Answer 20

oropharynx and laryngopharynx

Question 21

What is the primary function of the larynx?

Answer 21

to keep food and drink out of the airway

Question 22

What kind of tissue is strictly respiratory?

Answer 22

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Question 23

How does the epiglottis close the airway?

Answer 23

1) extrinsic muscles of larynx pull upward

2) tongue pushes epiglottis down to meet the larynx

Question 24

What plays the greater role in keeping food and drink out of the airway?

Answer 24

vestibular folds

Question 25

How many cartilages make up the framework of the larynx?

Answer 25

9

Question 26

what is the role of the cricoid cartilage?

Answer 26

connects larynx to trachea

Question 27

What is the largest cartilage in the larynx?

Answer 27

thyroid cartilage

Question 28

What is the most superior cartilage of the larynx?

Answer 28

Epiglottic cartilage

Question 29

What are the three smaller paired cartilages of the larynx?

Answer 29

arytenoid, corniculate, and cuneiform cartilages

Question 30

What are the superior vestibular folds for?

Answer 30

close the larynx during swallowing

Question 31

What are the inferior vocal cords for?

Answer 31

produce sound when air passes through them

Question 32

Why are the inferior vocal cords covered in stratified squamous epithelium?

Answer 32

this material is tough to endure vibration and contact

Question 33

What supports the trachea?

Answer 33

16-20 c-rings of hyaline cartilage

Question 34

What is the inner lining of the trachea composed of?

Answer 34

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Question 35

What is the mechanism used for debris removal in the trachea?

Answer 35

Mucociliary escalator

Question 36

What is found in the middle tracheal layer?

Answer 36

lymphatic nodules, mucous and serous glands and tracheal cartilages

Question 37

What is the outermost layer of the trachea called?

Answer 37

adventitia

Question 38

what is the role of the carina?

Answer 38

directs airflow to the right and left

Question 39

What could happen if a trachea tube is left in for too long?

Answer 39

drying of the mucous membranes of respiratory tract

Question 40

What constitutes the root of the lung?

Answer 40

the structures near the hilum

Question 41

which lung is shorter?

Answer 41

right

Question 42

How many lobes does the right lung have?

Answer 42

3

Question 43

where do aspirated foreign objects lodge most often?

Answer 43

the right main bronchus: it is slightly wider and more vertical than the left.

Question 44

What are all bronchi lined with?

Answer 44

ciliated pseudostratified comlumnar epithelium

Question 45

What is abundant in the lamina propia?

Answer 45

mucous glands and lymphocyte nodules (MALT)

Question 46

What is the large amount of elastic connective tissue in the bronchial tree useful for?

Answer 46

recoil that expels air from lungs

Question 47

what type of tissue do the bronchioles have?

Answer 47

ciliated cuboidal epithelium and smooth muscle

Question 48

What do respiratory bronchioles end in?

Answer 48

alveolar sacs