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A&P 303 > 4/10 Lecture E1 > Flashcards

4/10 Lecture E1 Flashcards

1
Q

What drives the need to breathe to take in Oxygen?

A

ATP synthesis

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2
Q

What two systems collaborate to regulate the body’s acid-base balance?

A

respiratory and urinary

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3
Q

How does the respiratory system help in blood pressure regulation?

A

by helping in synthesis of angiotensin II

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4
Q

Where does incoming air stop?

A

alveoli

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5
Q

What does the conducting zone include?

A

The passages that serve only as airflow, no gas exchange

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6
Q

What does the respiratory zone include?

A

alveoli and other gas exchange regions

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7
Q

What does the upper respiratory tract include?

A

nose through larynx

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8
Q

what does the lower respiratory tract include?

A

trachea through lungs

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9
Q

What is another work for the posterior nasal apertures?

A

choanae

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10
Q

What is the nasal septum composed of?

A

hyaline cartilage

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11
Q

What does the hard palate do?

A

separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity and allows breathing while chewing

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12
Q

Where do the paranasal sinuses and nasolacrimal duct drain into?

A

the nasal cavity

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13
Q

What is the vestibule of the nose lined with?

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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14
Q

What are vibrissae

A

stiff guard hairs that block insects and debris from entering the nose

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15
Q

What is the role of nasal conchae?

A

Narrowness and turbulence ensure that most air contacts mucous membranes; cleans, warms, and moistens the air

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16
Q

what do goblet cells secrete?

A

mucus

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17
Q

Which concha contains an extensive venous plexus?

A

inferior concha: swells to redirect airflow once or twice an hour.

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18
Q

What are the three regions of the pharynx?

A

1) nasopharynx
2) oropharynx
3) laryngopharynx

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19
Q

Which region of the pharynx passes only air?

A

nasopharynx

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20
Q

What regions of the pharynx pass air, food, and drink?

A

oropharynx and laryngopharynx

21
Q

What is the primary function of the larynx?

A

to keep food and drink out of the airway

22
Q

What kind of tissue is strictly respiratory?

A

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

23
Q

How does the epiglottis close the airway?

A

1) extrinsic muscles of larynx pull upward

2) tongue pushes epiglottis down to meet the larynx

24
Q

What plays the greater role in keeping food and drink out of the airway?

A

vestibular folds

25
Q

How many cartilages make up the framework of the larynx?

A

9

26
Q

what is the role of the cricoid cartilage?

A

connects larynx to trachea

27
Q

What is the largest cartilage in the larynx?

A

thyroid cartilage

28
Q

What is the most superior cartilage of the larynx?

A

Epiglottic cartilage

29
Q

What are the three smaller paired cartilages of the larynx?

A

arytenoid, corniculate, and cuneiform cartilages

30
Q

What are the superior vestibular folds for?

A

close the larynx during swallowing

31
Q

What are the inferior vocal cords for?

A

produce sound when air passes through them

32
Q

Why are the inferior vocal cords covered in stratified squamous epithelium?

A

this material is tough to endure vibration and contact

33
Q

What supports the trachea?

A

16-20 c-rings of hyaline cartilage

34
Q

What is the inner lining of the trachea composed of?

A

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

35
Q

What is the mechanism used for debris removal in the trachea?

A

Mucociliary escalator

36
Q

What is found in the middle tracheal layer?

A

lymphatic nodules, mucous and serous glands and tracheal cartilages

37
Q

What is the outermost layer of the trachea called?

A

adventitia

38
Q

what is the role of the carina?

A

directs airflow to the right and left

39
Q

What could happen if a trachea tube is left in for too long?

A

drying of the mucous membranes of respiratory tract

40
Q

What constitutes the root of the lung?

A

the structures near the hilum

41
Q

which lung is shorter?

A

right

42
Q

How many lobes does the right lung have?

A

3

43
Q

where do aspirated foreign objects lodge most often?

A

the right main bronchus: it is slightly wider and more vertical than the left.

44
Q

What are all bronchi lined with?

A

ciliated pseudostratified comlumnar epithelium

45
Q

What is abundant in the lamina propia?

A

mucous glands and lymphocyte nodules (MALT)

46
Q

What is the large amount of elastic connective tissue in the bronchial tree useful for?

A

recoil that expels air from lungs

47
Q

what type of tissue do the bronchioles have?

A

ciliated cuboidal epithelium and smooth muscle

48
Q

What do respiratory bronchioles end in?

A

alveolar sacs

A&P 303 (18 decks)

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