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A&P 303 > 5/31 Lecture E3 > Flashcards

5/31 Lecture E3 Flashcards

1
Q

what are gametes?

A

sex cells (one from each parent)

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2
Q

what is a zygote?

A

a fertilized egg (contains genes from both parents)

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3
Q

What chromosome is male?

A

the Y

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4
Q

what is the male copulatory organ?

A

penis

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5
Q

What is the female copulatory organ?

A

vagina

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6
Q

What are the primary sex organs that produce gametes?

A

testes or ovaries

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7
Q

What are the secondary sex organs?

A

organs other than gonads that are necessary for reproduction:

male: system of ducts, glands, penis
female: uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina

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8
Q

Where are the external genitalia located?

A

in the perineum

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9
Q

What are the secondary sex characteristics?

A

features that distinguish the sexes and influence mate attraction

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10
Q

When do secondary sex characteristics develop?

A

at puberty

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11
Q

how many pairs of chromosomes are contained in cells?

A

23

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12
Q

How many pairs of autosomes are contained in cells?

A

22

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13
Q

How many pairs of sex chromosomes are contained in cells?

A

1 (XY for males; XX for females)

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14
Q

How is the sex of a child determined?

A

by the type of sperm that fertilizes the mother’s egg, whether X-carrying or Y-carrying

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15
Q

When do gonads develop in a fetus?

A

at 5-6 weeks; as gonadal ridges

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16
Q

how many sets of ducts are adjacent to each gonadal ridge?

A

2

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17
Q

In males, which ducts develop and which ducts degenerate?

A

mesonephric (wolfian) develop

paramesonephric (Mullerian) degenerate

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18
Q

In females, which ducts develop and which ducts degenerate?

A

paramesonephric (Mullerian) develop

mesonephric (wolfian) degenerate

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19
Q

What is the SRY gene?

A

the Sex-determining Region of Y chromosome

20
Q

What does the SRY gene code for?

A

a protein, testes-determining factor (TDF) that initiates development of testes

21
Q

When do the testes begin to secrete testosterone?

A

8-9 weeks

22
Q

What else do the testes secrete during development (besides testosterone)?

A

mullerian-inhibiting factor/substance (MIS)

23
Q

What does the genital tubercle become?

A

either the glans of the penis, or the glans clitoris

24
Q

What does the pair of urogenital folds form?

A

either encloses the male urethra to help form the penis, or forms the labia minora

25
Q

What do the pair of labioscrotal folds form?

A

either the scrotum or labia majora

26
Q

By when are the male/female genitalia distinctly formed?

A

week 12

27
Q

Male and female organs that develop from the same embryonic structure are called ____?

A

homologous

28
Q

that is the glans penis homologous to?

A

the clitoris

29
Q

what is the scrotum homologous to?

A

the labia majora

30
Q

what is the penis homologous to?

A

the labia minora

31
Q

what is the gubernaculum?

A

embryonic connective tissue cord extending from goand to pelvic cavity floor

32
Q

What is the vaginal process?

A

fold of peritoneum that extends into the scrotum

33
Q

What is the inguinal canal?

A

the pathway of low resistance through the groin created by gubernaculum and vaginal process

34
Q

What is the most common site of hernia in males?

A

the inguinal canal

35
Q

When does descent of the testes begin?

A

as early as 6 weeks

36
Q

What is the path of the testes?

A

inguinal canal –> scrotum by way of the gubernaculum

37
Q

When do the testes pass through the inguinal canal?

A

the 7th month

38
Q

What muscle accompanies the testes?

A

extensions of the internal abdominal oblique muscle

39
Q

What is cryptorchidism?

A

undescended testes

40
Q

in how many male births does cryptochidism occur?

A

about 3%

41
Q

What happens if cryptochidism remains uncorrected?

A

sterility or testicular cancer

42
Q

Where do ovaries get lodged?

A

on the inferior brim of the lesser pelvis

43
Q

In females, what does the gubernaculum become?

A

a pair of ligaments that supports the ovary and the uterus

44
Q

What borders the external genitalia?

A

the pubic symphysis, ischial tuberosities, and the coccyx

45
Q

which testicle is typically lower

A

the left

46
Q

What divides the scrotum into right and left compartments?

A

the internal median septum

47
Q

What is the perineal raphe?

A

the medial seam on scrotum surface that marks the location of the median septum

A&P 303 (18 decks)

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