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DBE Reviewer > 4. Connective Tissue Cells > Flashcards

4. Connective Tissue Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Largest WBC

A

Monocyte

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2
Q

Combination of monocytes that is important in phagocytosis

A

Macrophages

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3
Q

Fixed macrophage located in the sinusoids of the LIVER

A

Kupffer cells (star-shaped)

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4
Q

Macrophage in the KIDNEY

A

Mesangial

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5
Q

Macrophage in the BRAIN

A

Microglia

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6
Q

Macrophage in the LUNGS

A

Dust cells/Heart-failure cells/Alveolar macrophages

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7
Q

Macrophage in the Lymph nodes and tooth

A

Histiocytes

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8
Q

Macrophage in the BONE

A

Osteoclast

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9
Q

Macrophage in the EPIDERMIS

A

Langerhans cells

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10
Q

Layer of epidermis where langerhans cells are located

A

Stratum spinosum

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11
Q

Macrophages in TUBERCULOSIS

A

Epitheloid cells and LANGHANS (fused epitheloid cells) cells

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12
Q

Causative agent of Tuberculosis

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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13
Q

Tb of lymph nodes/neck

A

Scrofula

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14
Q

Tb of skin

A

Lupus vulgaris

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15
Q

Tb of bone

A

Potts disease

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16
Q

Macrophage in the PLACENTA

A

Hofbauer cells

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17
Q

Macrophage in parts of body exposed to the external surface like skin, stomach..

A

Dendritic cells

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18
Q

Movement of WBC towards a chemotactic agent

A

Chemotaxis

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19
Q

Shape of adipocytes

A

Signet ring

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20
Q

What is stored in adipocytes

A

1 glycogen and fatty acid

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21
Q

In adipocytes, breakdown of fatty acids = ____ and ____

A

ATP and Ketone bodies

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22
Q

Ketone bodies are seen in ____ and ____

A

Lungs

Kidney (urine)

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23
Q

It has NO direct supply of nervess and blood vessels

A

Cartilage

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24
Q

Type of bone growth during GROWTH SPURT

A

Interstitial

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25
Q

Bone growth that is continuous throughout life or adulthood

A

Appositional

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26
Q

Growth WITHIN the tissue

A

Interstitial

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27
Q

Growth on EXTERNAL surface

A

Appositional

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28
Q

Pituitary gland releases Growth Hormone which stimulates cartilage cells to multiply resulting to LENGTHENING

A

Interstitial bone growth

Mnemonic: “ILAW”
Interstitial - Lengthening
Appositional - Widening

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29
Q

Widening of bones

A

Appositional bone growth

Mnemonic: “ILAW”

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30
Q

Type of bone growth that happens in BOTH IMMATURE and MATURE bone

A

Appositional

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31
Q

At what age does the epiphyseal plate closes in MALE

A

18 y/o

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32
Q

At what age does the epiphyseal plate closes in FEMALES

A

1 year after menarche or first menstruation

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33
Q

Type of bone growth that happens in IMMATURE bones

A

Both Interstitial and Appositional

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34
Q

Type of bone growth that happens in MATURE bones

A

Appositional

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35
Q

Part of immature bone located between the Epiphysis and Diaphysis which is composed mainly of Hyaline cartilage

A

Epiphysial plate

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36
Q

Closed Epiphysial plate of mature bones is called

A

Metaphysis

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37
Q

Types of Cartilages (cHEF)

A

Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage

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38
Q

Most numerous type of cartilage but the weakest

A

Hyaline

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39
Q

Cartilage found in nose, ribs, joints, trachea

A

Hyaline

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40
Q

Type of cartilage found in Pinna, Epiglottis and Eustachian tube (“PEE”)

A

Elastic cartilage

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41
Q

Strongest cartilage

A

Fibrocartilage

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42
Q

Connects nasopharynx to middle ear

A

Eustachian tube

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43
Q

It closes the larynx during swallowing

A

Epiglottis

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44
Q

Most complex joint

A

Knee joint

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45
Q

3 parts of the OUTER ear (“PET”)

A

Pinna (auricle)
External Acoustic meatus
Tympanic membrane (eardrum)

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46
Q

What are found in the middle ear

A

Auditory ossicles

Eustachian tube

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47
Q

Auditory ossicles and other names (“MIS:HAS”)

A

Malleus (Hammer)
Incus (Anvil)
Stapes (Stirrup)

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48
Q

It is a snail shape that is found in the inner ear

A

Cochlea

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49
Q

These are canals found in the inner ear that has fluid for balancing

A

Semicircular canals

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50
Q

Cartilage found in meniscus of knee joint and TMJ

A

Fibrocartilage

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51
Q

Most torned ligament in athletes

A

ACL / Anterior Cruciate Ligament

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52
Q

Cartilage found in symphysial joints (midline)

A

Fibrocartilage

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53
Q

Symphysial joint in the MANDIBLE

A

Symphysis menti

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54
Q

Symphysial joint in the hips

A

Symphysial pubis

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55
Q

Symphysial joint located between manubrium and body

A

Sternum

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56
Q

Sternal angle between body and manubrium where trachea separates into left and right bronchi

A

Angle of Louis

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57
Q

Part of trachea in level with sternal angle

A

Carina of trachea

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58
Q

Largest foramen in the body, seen in the Hip bone.

A

Obturator foramen

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59
Q

Largest foramen in the head and neck only

A

Foramen magnum

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60
Q

Total number of vertebra in adults

A

26

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61
Q

Total number of vertebra in children

A

33

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62
Q

Strongest type of bone

A

Compact bone

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63
Q

Type of bone made up of Haversian system or Osteon

A

Compact bone

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64
Q

Functional unit of Compact or dense bone

A

Osteon

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65
Q

Bone matrix (fluid) by osteoblast

A

Osteoid

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66
Q

Opening of maxillary sinus

A

Osteum

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67
Q

Other name for spongy bone

A

Cancellous/Trabecular bone

68
Q

55% of blood

A

Plasma

69
Q

45% of blood

A

Formed elements (blood cells - WBC, RBC, Platelets)

70
Q

Plasma is 95% ____

A

Water

71
Q

WBC is aka

A

Leukocytes

72
Q

⬆️ Leukocytes = ____

A

Leukocytosis

73
Q

⬇️ Leukocytes = _____

A

Leukocytopenia

74
Q

Leukocytosis is common during what infection

A

Acute bacterial infection

75
Q

WBC without granules

A

Agranulocytes

76
Q

What are the Granulocytes

A

“BEN G”

Basophil
Eosinophil
Neutrophil

77
Q

Least numerous WBC

A

Basophil

78
Q

WBC for parasitic, viruses, allergies

A

Eosinophil

“EWWsinophil sa parasites, aEllergies”

79
Q

WBC in Elephantiasis

A

Eosinophil (parasitic)

80
Q

Other names for Neutrophils

A

Stab cells / Polymorphonuclear cells

81
Q

Most numerous WBC

A

Neutrophils

82
Q

First line of defense of WBC

A

Neutrophils

83
Q

Dead neutrophils

A

Pus

84
Q

Granules of neutrophils to fight bacteria

A

Azurophilic granules

85
Q

4 cells that releases histamine

A

“BEMP”

Basophil
Eosinophil
Mast cells
Platelets

86
Q

Most important WBC that releases histamine during inflammation

A

Mast cells

87
Q

Largest leukocyte that has single kidney-shaped nucleus

A

Monocyte

88
Q

Lymphocyte that matures in bone marrow

A

B lymphocyte

89
Q

Matures in Thymus

A

T lymphocyte

90
Q

T helper cell

A

CD4

91
Q

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte

A

CD8

92
Q

Special type of CD8 that induced apoptosis to tumor cells

A

NK cells / Natural Killer cells

93
Q

Cells assoc with Bursa

A

B-cell

94
Q

⬆️ Lymphocytes

A

Lymphocytosis

95
Q

Lymphocytosis is seen during (2) infections

A

Acute viral infection

Chronic bacterial infection

96
Q

⬇️ Lymphocytes

A

Lymphocytopenia

97
Q

Bone marrow for blood production

A

Red bone marrow

98
Q

Bone marrow for fat storage

A

Yellow bone marrow

99
Q

Normal WBC count

A

4,000 - 11,000 cells/microLiter

ave: 10,000 cells/mL

100
Q

⬆️ RBC

A

Polycythemia vera

101
Q

⬇️ RBC

A

Anemia

102
Q

Universal blood donor

A

O-

103
Q

Universal blood recipient

A

AB+

104
Q

Most common blood type

A

O+

105
Q

Most numerous cells in the body

A

RBC (erythrocytes)

106
Q

Nucleus of mature RBC

A

No nucleus

107
Q

Immature RBC

A

Reticulocytes

108
Q

RBC count of FEMALES

A

4-5 million/uL

109
Q

RBC count of MALES

A

5-6 million/uL

110
Q

Life span of RBC

A

120

111
Q

Life span of platelets

A

10 days

112
Q

How many days for RBC to mature

A

7 days

113
Q

“HbA1c”

A

Glycated hemoglobin

114
Q

Most important element for blood production

A

Iron

115
Q

Iron is absorbed in the ____

A

Duodenum of Small Intestine

“I-Do”

116
Q

⬇️ iron; most common type of anemia

A

Iron deficiency anemia

117
Q

2 platelet tests

A

CBC

Torniquet test

118
Q

Seen in torniquet test that indicates thrombocytopenia

A

Petechiae

119
Q

⬆️ Platelets or thrombocytes

A

Thrombocytosis

120
Q

Determines the fragility of capillaries

A

Platelets

121
Q

Normal platelet count

A

150,000 - 450,000 cells/uL

122
Q

⬇️ Thrombocytes / Platelets

A

Thrombocytopenia

123
Q

Thrombocytopenia is seen in what disease

A

Dengue

124
Q

Cells that produces antibodies or immunoglobulins that has a clockface or cartwheel nucleus

A

Plasma cells

125
Q

Vector or carrier of dengue virus

A

Aedes aegypti (mosquito)

126
Q

Cell organelle with cartwheel pattern

A

Centrioles

127
Q

Plasma cells are derived from

A

B cells

128
Q

Serves as markers for foreign bodies that causes diseas

A

Antibodies / immunoglobulin (ig)

129
Q

Antibody that is capable to cross the placenta. Passed from mother to fetus

A

IgG

130
Q

Most numerous Ig

A

IgG

131
Q

Ig seen in periodontitis

A

IgG

132
Q

Ig seen in body FLUIDS and GIT

A

IgA

133
Q

1st line of defense of immunoglobulins

A

IgM(auuna)

134
Q

Ig active during allergic reactions, parasitic infection

A

IgE

135
Q

Ig with unknown function, becomes igG that’s why it’s the most numerous Ig

A

IgD

136
Q

Ig seen in saliva, tears, stomach acid

A

IgA

137
Q

After vaccination, which Ig arrive first

A

IgM

138
Q

Connective tissue cells that secretes fibers

A

Fibroblasts

139
Q

Prime function of lymphatic system

A

Reabsorb fluid that is not reabsorbed by the veins

140
Q

Fluid in the lymphatic system

A

Lymph

141
Q

Smallest blood vessels in the body

A

Capillaries

142
Q

Exchange system for arteries and veins

A

Capillaries

143
Q

Blood flows away from the heart

A

Arteries

144
Q

Blood flows towards the heart

A

Veins

145
Q

vessel that carries oxygenated blood

A

Arteries

146
Q

vessel that carries deoxygenated blood

A

Veins

147
Q

Largest artery

A

Aorta

148
Q

Largest vein

A

Vena cava

149
Q

Pressure that pushes blood OUT of capillaries (fluid out)

A

Hydrostatic pressure

150
Q

Pressure - fluid inside the blood and is determined by the Albumin

A

Osmotic pressure

151
Q

Most numerous protein in the blood

A

Albumin

152
Q

Most numerous protein in the BODY

A

Collagen

153
Q

Decreased albumin; fluid not reabsorbed fully resulting to accumulation of fluid called

A

Edema

154
Q

Terminals or checkpoints of the lymphatics that are full of lymphocytes

A

Lymph nodes

155
Q

Graveyard of RBCs

A

Spleen

156
Q

Largest lymphoid organ

A

Spleen

157
Q

One sign/test to know if a bacteria circulates in the body

A

Swollen lymph nodes

158
Q

2 functions of lymphatics

A

Reabsorb fluid for immunity

159
Q

Primary lymphatic organs

A

Bone marrow

Thymus

160
Q

Secondary lymphatic organs

A

Spleen
Tonsils
Lymph nodes
Appendix

161
Q

Lymphatic ducts drains at the junction of what veins

A

Internal jugular vein

Subclavian vein

162
Q

Largest lymphatic duct

A

Left lymphatic duct

163
Q

Other name of Left lymphatic duct

A

Thoracic duct

164
Q

Left lymphatic duct drains how many parts of the body

A

3/4 of the body

upper left, lower left, lower right

165
Q

Lymphatic duct that drains upper right corner of the body (1/4)

A

Right lymphatic duct

166
Q

Dilated sac at the lower end of thoracic duct that drains lymph from intestinal and lumbar area

A

Cisterna chyli

167
Q

Right lymphatic duct that drains how many parts of the body

A

1/4 of the body

Upper right

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