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DBE Reviewer > Remember > Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the basic structures of protein?

A

Chains of AMINO ACIDS

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2
Q

Amino acids are made up of what chemical elements?

A

“CHON”

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen

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3
Q

What initiates flagellar activity and chemotaxis?

A

Chemotactic agent

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4
Q

Mitochondria of the sperm are located in?

A

Tail / neck / base of the head

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5
Q

Sperm can penetrate egg cell using?

A

ACROSOME (carrying enzyme Hyaluronidase)

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6
Q

What is the cellular division PHASE when the CELL STOPS DIVIDING, which is also seen in CARDIAC and NEURONS?

A

G0 phase

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7
Q

PMAT (mitosis steps 1-4) is aka

A

Karyokinesis

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8
Q

What is the phenomenon wherein homologous chromosomes pair during meiosis?

A

Synapsis (prophase1)

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9
Q

Sharing of DNA of two homologous chromosomes or aka the “crossing-over” or “chiastmata formation” of chromosomes is called?

A

Recombination

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10
Q

What are the non-insulin dependent tissues?

A

“BRICKLE”

Brain
RBC
Intestine
Cornea
Kidney
Liver
Exercising skeletal muscles
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11
Q

Basket cells or Myoepithelial cells are found in?

A

Salivary glands

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12
Q

Best example of unicellular gland

A

Goblet cells

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13
Q

The core and glycoaminoglycan (GAGs) project from it like a bristle brush

A

Proteoglycan

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14
Q

Only GAG without proteoglycan

A

Hyaluronic acid

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15
Q

What is the most common adhesion protein found in connective tissue?

A

Fibronectin

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16
Q

What is the adhesion protein found in bone?

A

Osteonectin

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17
Q

What is the most numerous PROTEIN IN ENAMEL?

A

Amelogenin

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18
Q

Disease where the px has EXCESSIVE ELASTIC FIBERS?

A

Marfan syndrome

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19
Q

Disease where the px has DEFECTIVE COLLAGEN FIBERS resulting to flexibility of tissues made up of collagen

A

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome aka Rubberman syndrome

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20
Q

Disease where the px has DEFECIENT COLLAGEN FIBERS

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta aka brittle bone disease

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21
Q

Type of bone growth that happens in mature bones

A

Appositional

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22
Q

Most numerous to least numerous WBC

A

Mnemonic: “Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas”

  1. Neutrophils
  2. Lymphocyte
  3. Monocytes
  4. Eosinophil
  5. Basophil
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23
Q

Universal blood donor

A

O-

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24
Q

Universal blood recipient

A

AB+

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25
Q

Most important chemical for RBC production

A

Iron

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26
Q

Capillary fragility test is also known as

A

Torniquet test / Rumpel-Leede test

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27
Q

Type of capillary pressure that pushes FLUID OUT of capillaries

A

Hydrostatic pressure

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28
Q

Type of capillary pressure that moves the FLUID IN the capillaries; determined by Albumin

A

Osmotic pressure

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29
Q

Red pulp of the spleen contains

A

RBC and Macrophages

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30
Q

White pulp of the spleen contains

A

B and T lymphocytes

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31
Q

What is the embryonic origin of melanocytes and neuroglia

A

Neural crest cell

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32
Q

Combination of stratum BASALE and stratum SPINOSUM is known as

A

Stratum Germinativum
aka
MALPHIGIAN Layer

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33
Q

Disease assoc with ABSENCE of melanin

A

Albinism

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34
Q

Disease assoc with DEFICIENCY in melanin

A

Vitiligo

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35
Q

Amino acid needed to produce melanin, dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine and tyroxine

A

Tyrosine

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36
Q

Abnormal thickening of stratum corneum due to constant friction

A

Callus

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37
Q

Excess keratinocytes shedding from the scalp

A

Dandruffs

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38
Q

S.C.A.L.P.

A 
Skin
Connective tissue
Aponeuroses
Loose connective tissue
Periosteum
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39
Q

Keratinocytes divide and move more quickly than normal

A

Psoriasis

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40
Q

Signs and symptoms of Psoriasis

A

✔️Silver scales
✔️Monroe’s Abcess
✔️Auspitz sign

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41
Q

abnormal keratin production

A

Silver scales

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42
Q

Cardinal sign of psoriasis

A

Monroe’s abscess

43
Q

Bleeding spots in paoriasis

A

Auspitz sign

44
Q

What are the epidermal extensions towards dermis

A

Rete pegs / Epidermal ridges

45
Q

Disease assoc with saw-tooth like rete pegs

A

Lichen planus

46
Q

What is the most dangerous type of nevus

A

Junctional nevus

47
Q

What is Vitamin D2

A

ergoCalCiferol

48
Q

What is Vitamin D3

A

CholeCalCiferol

49
Q

Found at the center of haversian system or osteon

A

Haversian canal / Neurovascular bundle

50
Q

Immature bone that is fibrous is called

A

Woven bone

51
Q

Other name of Alveolar bone proper

A 
Bundle bone (go for this✨)
Cribriform plate
52
Q

Bony plate underlying periosteum and endosteum

A

Circumferential lamellae

53
Q

Part of circumferential lamellae that is penetrated by sharpey’s fibers

A

Outer circumferential lamellae

54
Q

Part of circumferential lamellae that lines the medullary cavity

A

Inner circumferential lamellae

55
Q

Site of hematopoiesis site in EMBRYO

A

Yolk sac / Blood islands

56
Q

Site of hematopoiesis in FETUS

A

✔️Liver (primarily)
✔️Spleen
✔️Lymph nodes

57
Q

Site of hematopoiesis AFTER BIRTH

A

Red bone marrow

58
Q

Main bones involved in hematopoiesis in children

A

Long bones

59
Q

Main bones involved in hematopoiesis in adults

A

Skull
Sternum
Vertebra
Pelvic bone

60
Q

Most commonly fractured in the human body

A

Clavicle

61
Q

Most commonly fractured facial bone; absent in Down’s syndrome

A

Nasal bone

62
Q

🔹Other term for nose bleeding

🔹Kiesselbach’s plexus (Little’s area; an artery) is damaged

A

Epistaxis

63
Q

Longest and strongest bone in the human body

A

Femur

64
Q

Smallest bone

A

Stapes

65
Q

Strongest bone in the Head and Neck

A

Petrous part of Temporal bone

66
Q

Strongest facial bone

A

Mandible

67
Q

Commonly fractured during CPR

A

Xiphoid process

68
Q

Most common dislocated joint (adult)

A

Shoulder joint

69
Q

Most common dislocated joint (children)

A

Elbow joint

70
Q

Largest carpal bone; head-shaped

A

Capitate

71
Q

Most commonly fractured carpal bone; Boat-shaped

A

Scaphoid

72
Q

Boat-shaped tarsal bone

A

Navicular

73
Q

Largest tarsal bone; Heel bone

A

Calcaneus

74
Q

Ankle bone

A

Talus

75
Q

Procedure done to add bone between sinus and alveolar bone

A

Sinus Lift procedure

76
Q

Best 2D radiograph to asses maxillary sinus

A

Water’s view

77
Q

Technique used to open maxillary sinus thru the canine fossa

A

Caldwell-Luc procedure

78
Q

Framework or Forerunner of the mandible

A

Meckel’s cartilage

79
Q

In a right condylar neck fracture, where is the deviation during opening?

A

Right side / Same side of fracture

80
Q

During tongue protrusion, tongue deviates to the right. What nerve is damaged?

A

Right CN XII

81
Q

Cleft of HARD palate is known as

A

Uranoschisis

82
Q

Cleft of the SOFT palate is known as

A

Staphyloschisis

83
Q

Infants have a single curvature(spine) which is concave anteriorly

A

Primary curvature

84
Q

Adults have ___ curvatures

A

2 - primary and secondary

85
Q

Vertebrae that remained as Primary curvature

A

Thoracic and Sacrum

86
Q

Secondary curvatures

A

Cervical and Lumbar

87
Q

What is the treatment for Fractures?

A

Reduction and Fixation

88
Q

What nitrogen bases are involved in uric acid formation

A

Purines (Adenine, Guanine)

89
Q

Pathognomonic sign of Gout

A

Tophi bodies

90
Q

Uric acid crystals in nephron are called

A

Nephroliths

91
Q

Extraoral headgear for scoliosis and developing Skeletal class III

A

Milwaukee brace

92
Q

What connects cardiac muscle cells together?

A

Intercalated disc

93
Q

Glycolysis and Creatinine Phosphate happens in what part of the cell

A

Cytoplasm

94
Q

Kreb cycle happens in what part of the cell

A

Mitochondria

95
Q

What 2 cellular junction is found between cardiac muscle cells

A

✔️Desmosomes

✔️Gap junctions

96
Q

What is the major muscle for mouth opening

A

Anterior belly of digastric muscle (V3)

97
Q

What innervates posterior belly of digastric muscle

A

CN 7

98
Q

Tongue muscles that CHANGES THE SHAPE of the tongue

A

Intrinsic muscles

99
Q

Suprahyoid muscles

A

🔹Digastric muscle (Anterior and Posterior belly)
🔹Mylohyoid
🔹Stylohyoid
🔹Geniohyoid

100
Q

Group of muscles that depresses mandible and elevates hyoid

A

Suprahyoid muscles

101
Q

Group of muscles that depresses hyoid

A

Infrahyoid muscles

102
Q

Muscles that flex the legs

A

Hamstring muscles

103
Q

Muscles that extend the legs

A

Quadriceps muscles

104
Q

Needle angulation

Intradermal:
Intravenous:
Subcutaneous:
Intramuscular:

A

Needle angulation

Intradermal: 0-15
Intravenous: 35
Subcutaneous: 45
Intramuscular: 90

DBE Reviewer (22 decks)

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