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DBE Reviewer > 5. Integumentary System > Flashcards

5. Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

2 parts of the integumentary system

A

Epidermis

Dermis

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2
Q

Lining of epidermis

A

Stratified squamous

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3
Q

4 cell types in epidermis

A

“KeMeLangMerks”

Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Langerhans cells
Merkels cells

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4
Q

Most numerous cell in the epidermis

A

Keratinocytes

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5
Q

Cells that produces keratin

A

Keratinocytes

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6
Q

Most numerous protein in the skin or epidermis

A

Keratin

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7
Q

Most numerous protein in the body

A

Collagen

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8
Q

Most numerous protein in the muscle

A

Actin

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9
Q

Most numerous protein in the BLOOD

A

Albumin

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10
Q

Cells that produce melanin

A

Melanocytes

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11
Q

Yellow-red melanin

A

Pheomelanin

“Pheow.. Yellow”

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12
Q

Brown-black melanin

A

Eumelanin

“Eu.. You”

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13
Q

Protects us from UV

A

Melanocytes (melanin)

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14
Q

Are melanocytes resistant or sensitive to light/UV?

A

Very sensitive to UV or Light

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15
Q

What is the embryonic origin of melanocytes

A

Neural crest cells

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16
Q

2 cells that are derived from neural crest cells

A

Melanocytes

Neuroglia (glial cells)

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17
Q

Supporting cells of neurons

A

Neurogli or glial cells

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18
Q

Macrophage of the epidermis

A

Langerhans cells

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19
Q

Epidermal layer where langerhans are present

A

Stratum spinosum

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20
Q

Mechanoreceptor for sense of TOUCH seen in the epidermis

A

Merkel cells

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21
Q

Mechanoreceptor for LIGHT TOUCH that is seen in the dermis

A

Meissner corpuscles

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22
Q

Which is more sensitive Merkel or Meissner?

A

Meissner corpuscles

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23
Q

Least numerous cell in the epidermis

A

Merkel cells

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24
Q

Merkel cells are located in what layer of epidermis

A

Stratum basale

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25
Q

Layers of epidermis (from superficial to deep)

A

“Come Lets Get Some Beer”

Stratum: Corneum
                Lucidum
                Granulosum
                Spinosum
                Basale
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26
Q

Deepest layer of epidermis

A

Basale

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27
Q

2 epidermal layers which are sites of tonofilament production

A

Basale and spinosum

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28
Q

Layer of epidermis with highest mitotic activity of keratinocytes

A

Stratum basale

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29
Q

Future keratin

A

Tonofilaments

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30
Q

2 other names of stratum spinosum

A

Spiky layer

Prickle cell layer

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31
Q

Epidermal cell layer with decreased mitotic activity of keratinocytes

A

Spinosum

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32
Q

Combination of stratum basale and spinosum

A

Stratum germinativum aka Malphigian layer

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33
Q

Disease assoc with ABSENCE of melanin

A

Albinism

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34
Q

Disease assoc with DEFICIENCY in melanin

A

Vitiligo

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35
Q

Amino acid needed to produce melanin, dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine and tyroxine

A

Tyrosine

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36
Q

Tyrosine give rise to: (3 derivatives)

A

Melanin
Dopamine
Tyroxine

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37
Q

DOPA gives rise to:

A

DOPA ➡️ Dopamine ➡️ Norepinephrine ➡️ Epinephrine

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38
Q

Disease assoc with LACK OF DOPAMINE which results to involuntary movements

A

Parkinson’s disease

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39
Q

Drug of choice for Parkinson’s disease

A

Levadopa (L-Dopa)

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40
Q

Tyroxine gives rise to:

A

T3 and T4

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41
Q

Other name for T3

A

Triiodothyronine

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42
Q

T4 is aka

A

Thyroxine

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43
Q

Which is more potent, T3 or T4?

A

T3

Tulfo triplets = matapang = more potent

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44
Q

More numerous but no use, T3 or T4?

A

T4

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45
Q

Epidermal layer where cells are undergoing Apoptosis

A

S. Granulosum

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46
Q

2 granules in S. Granulosum

A

Keratohylin granules

Lamellar granules

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47
Q

Granules which converts tonofilaments to keratin

A

Keratohylin granules

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48
Q

Granules in S. Granulosum which is a layer of lipid for protection

A

Lamellar granules

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49
Q

Other term for S. Lucidum

A

Clear cell layer / Translucent layer

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50
Q

S. Lucidum is found in _____ skin (3 examples)

A

Thick skin (palm, soles, fingertips)

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51
Q

Syndrome assoc with Palmoplantar Keratoderma (abnormal thickening of palm and sole)

A

Papillon-Lefevre syndrome

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52
Q

Dental manifestation of Papillon Lefevre syndrome

A

Periodontitis in children (puppy = child)

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53
Q

2 diseases assoc with periodontitis in children

A

✔️ Papillon-Lefevre syndrome (puppy = child)

✔️ Chediak-Higashi syndrome (chanak = child)

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54
Q

Disease assoc with CAFE AU LAIT SPOTS and PERIO in children

A

Chediak-Higashi syndrome

“C” - Chediak: Cafe

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55
Q

Thickest layer of epidermis

A

Stratum corneum

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56
Q

Other term for S. Corneum

A

Horny layer

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57
Q

Abnormal thickening of stratum corneum due to constant friction

A

Callus

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58
Q

Excess keratinocytes shedding from scalp

A

Dandruff

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59
Q

Layers of “S.C.A.L.P.”

A 
Skin
Connective tissue
Aponeurosis
Loose connective tissue
Periosteum
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60
Q

Sheddings from other parts of the body (libag)

A

Dander

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61
Q

Skin disease where keratinocytes divide and move more quickly than normal

A

Psoriasis

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62
Q

3 signs and symptoms of Psoriasis

A

Silvery scales
Monroe’s abscess
Auspitz sign

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63
Q

Abscess assoc with psoriasis; Cardinal sign of Psoriasis

A

Monroe’s abscess

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64
Q

Bleeding spots in psoriasis

A

Auspitz sign

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65
Q

Abscess assoc with Osteomyelitis

A

Brodies abscess

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66
Q

Causative agent of Osteomyelitis

A

Staph. Aureus

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67
Q

Staphylococcus aureus which is a common bacteria in the skin which also has 2 charac:

A

Pus producing

Antibiotic resistant

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68
Q

3 assoc with MOTH EATEN radiographic appearance

A

Ewing’s sarcoma
External root resorption
Osteomyelitis

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69
Q

Malignant cell tumor with 2 Rx app: MOTH EATEN and ONION SKIN

A

Ewing’s sarcoma

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70
Q

Dermis is made up of what fibers (2)

A

Collagen and elastic fibers

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71
Q

Provides blood supply for epidermis

A

Dermis

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72
Q

2 layers of dermis

A

Papillary layer

Reticular layer

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73
Q

Thinner layer of dermis

A

Papillary layer

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74
Q

Nipple like projections from dermis towards epidermis

A

Dermal papillae

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75
Q

Rete pegs aka

A

Epithelial ridges

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76
Q

Mechanoreceptor in the DERMIS responsible for LIGHT TOUCH sensation

A

Meissner corpuscles

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77
Q

Nipple like projections from EPIDERMIS to DERMIS (seen in epidermis)

A

Rete pegs or epithelial ridges

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78
Q

Other name for Meissner corpuscles

A

Corpuscles of touch

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79
Q

Disease assoc with SAW TOOTH LIKE rete pegs

A

Lichen planus

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80
Q

White lesion common in Buccal mucosa; can’t be rubbed off with clinical appearance = “wickham’s striae”

A

Lichen planus

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81
Q

White lesion that can be rubbed off

A

Candidiasis

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82
Q

Causative agent of Candidiasis

A

Candida albicans

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83
Q

Drug of choice for candidiasis

A

Nystatin (antifungal)

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84
Q

White lesion = pre-cancerous and can’t be rubbed off

A

Leukoplakia

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85
Q

White lesion disappears when stretched; also assoc with accumulation of fluid

A

Leukoedema

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86
Q

Thicker layer of dermis

A

Reticular layer

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87
Q

Reticular layer is attached to what layer

A

Subcutaneous layer / Hypodermis

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88
Q

MAJOR NUTRIENT SUPPLIER for the skin

A

Reticular layer of dermis

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89
Q

Mechanoreceptor found in Papillary layer of dermis

A

Meissner corpuscles

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90
Q

Mechanoreceptors found in Reticular layer of dermis

A

Ruffini’s corpuscle / Bulbous corpuscle

End-bulb of Krause

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91
Q

Mechanoreceptor for HOT

A

Ruffini’s corpuscle

“RuffiNiT🔥”

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92
Q

What cells are in the hypodermis/subcutaneous layer

A

Adipocytes

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93
Q

Other name for Ruffini’s corpuscles

A

Bulbous corpuscles

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94
Q

Mechanoreceptor for STRETCH

A

Ruffini’s corpuscles

“Luffi” ng One piece anime*

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95
Q

Mechanoreceptor for COLD

A

End-Bulb of Krause

“Santa Krause❄️”

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96
Q

Mechanoreceptor for PRESSURE and PROPRIOCEPTION

A

Pacinian corpuscles

“Pasan pasan pacinian”

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97
Q

Onion-shaped mechanoreceptor

A

Pacinian corpuscle

“Pas-onion..”

98
Q

Onion skin Rx appearance

A

Ewing’s sarcoma

99
Q

Detects BODY POSITIONS; main receptor for proprioception found in joints

A

Proprioceptors

100
Q

Mechanoreceptors for PAIN

A

Nociceptors and free nerve endings

101
Q

Other term for scar

A

Cicatrix

102
Q

Type of collagen present in SCAR

A

Type 1 collagen

103
Q

Sunken scar or depressed scar

A

Atrophic

104
Q

Slightly elevated scar

A

Hypertrophic

105
Q

Excessively elevated scar

A

Keloid

106
Q

Other term for freckles

A

Ephelides/Ephelis

107
Q

Freckels is composed of

A

Melanin

108
Q

Melanocyte overgrowth

A

Mole/Nevus

109
Q

Most dangerous type of Nevus

A

Junctional nevus

110
Q

Most common type of nevus that transforms to malignant melanoma

A

Junctional nevus

111
Q

Deadliest skin cancer

A

Malignant melanoma

112
Q

Red protein (composed of RBC) that carries OXYGEN

A

Hemoglobin

113
Q

Normal count of hemoglobin (average)

A

14 g/dL

114
Q

Normal hemoglobin for females

A

12-14 g/dL

115
Q

Normal hemoglobin for males

A

14-16 g/dL

116
Q

Responsible for orange pigment and for Vit A or Retinol production

A

Carotene

117
Q

Hemoglobin is component of what blood cell

A

RBC

118
Q

Vitamin important for vision

A

Vit A

119
Q

Other name of Vit A

A

Retinol

120
Q

Night blindness bec of deficient in vit A

A

Nyctalopia

121
Q

Keratin buildup or mole in the eyes due to lack of vit A

A

Bitot’s spot

122
Q

Vitamin important for energy production (muscle/nerve)

A

Vit B1

123
Q

Other name for vit B1

A

Thiamine

124
Q

Disease assoc with vit B1 deficiency

A

Beri beri

125
Q

Vit important for growth, RBC production, and migraines

A

Vit B2

126
Q

Other name of vit B2

A

Riboflavin

127
Q

Deficiency in vit B2

A

Angular cheilitis

128
Q

Other term for angular cheilitis

A

Perleche

129
Q

Vit important for digestion

A

Vit B3

130
Q

Other name for vit B3

A

Niacin/Nicotinic Acid

131
Q

Vit B3 deficiency (4Ds)

A

Pellagra: Diarrhea, Dermatitis, Dementia, Death

132
Q

Vit B4

A

Adenine

133
Q

Vit B5

A

Pantothenic Acid

134
Q

Vit B6

A

Pyridoxine

135
Q

Vit B7

A

Biotin

136
Q

Vit B8

A

Inositol

137
Q

Vitamin important for PREGNANCY and RBC production

A

Vit B9

138
Q

Vit B9

A

Folic acid

139
Q

Deficiency in Vit B9

A

Megaloblastic anemia

140
Q

Vit B10

A

PABA: Para-Amino Benzoic Acid

141
Q

Vit B11

A

Salicylic acid

142
Q

Vit B12

A

Cyanocobalamin

143
Q

Vit B12 deficiency

A

Pernicious anemia

144
Q

Disease assoc with beefy tongue

A

Pernicious anemia

145
Q

3 vitamins important for RBC production

A

Vitamin: B2
B9
B12

146
Q

Vit important in COLLAGEN PRODUCTION, promotes wound healing and maintains healthy tissue

A

Vit C

147
Q

Vit C

A

Ascorbic acid

148
Q

Vit C deficiency

A

Scurvy

149
Q

Vit important for Calcium absorption

A

Vit D

150
Q

2 other names of vit D

A

Calciferol

Sunshine vitamin

151
Q

Vit D deficiency in children

A

Rickets

152
Q

Vit D deficiency in adults

A

Osteomalacia

153
Q

Vit that is an Antioxidant for RBC

A

Vit E

154
Q

Vit E

A

Tocopherol

155
Q

Vit important for CLOTTING

A

Vit K

156
Q

Where is vit K produced?

A

Liver

157
Q

Deficiency in vit K can result to

A

Bleeding tendency

158
Q

Absence of melanin

A

Albinism

159
Q

Deficient melanin

A

Vitiligo

160
Q

Bluish skin color due to inadequate oxygen

A

Cyanosis

161
Q

Blue baby syndrome is seen in 3 conditions

A

✔️ Erythroblastosis fetalis
✔️ Conditional heart defects
✔️ Methemoglobinemia

162
Q

Rh incompatibility resulting to cyanosis happens in 2nd baby: plasma cells of mother produces antibodies against Rh+ baby

A

Erythroblastosis fetalis

163
Q

Erythroblastosis fetalis is what type of anemia

A

Hemolytic anemia

164
Q

Loss of blood flow

A

Shock

165
Q

Skin color due to shock or anemia, decrease blood supply in the area

A

Pallor

166
Q

Cells responsible for hair growth

A

Hair matrix cells

167
Q

Smooth muscle for goosebumps

A

Arrector pili muscle

168
Q

Nerve fibers responsible for touch sensation to hair

A

Hair root plexus

169
Q

Partial or complete loss of hair

A

Alopecia

170
Q

Drug of choice or Treatment for Baldness

A

Minoxidil

171
Q

Due to abnormal androgens causing baldness

A

Androgenic alopecia

172
Q

A male sex hormone that promotes hair growth

A

Androgens

173
Q

“Baby hair”

A

Lanugo

174
Q

Excess hair growth in LOCALIZED area

A

Hirsutism

175
Q

GENERALIZED hair growth

A

Hypertrichosis

176
Q

Hypertrichosis is aka

A

Werewolf man/syndrome

177
Q

Secretes sebum to prevent water from evaporating from skin

A

Sebaceous glands

178
Q

Also known as SWEAT GLANDS

A

Sudoriferous glands

179
Q

2 types of swaet glands / Sudoriferous glands

A

Eccrine

Apocrine

180
Q

Sweat glands found throughout the body

A

Eccrine glands

“E for Entire body..”

181
Q

Sweat glands found in the axilla, areola, inguinal

A

Apocrine

182
Q

Secretes cerumen (earwax)

A

Ceruminous glands

183
Q

How many minutes of sun exposure needed per day (vit D)

A

15 mins/day

184
Q

Waxy material in the ear that protects the ear drum

A

Cerumen

185
Q

Probing force

A

10-25 g

186
Q

Technique for probing

A

Walking technique

187
Q

Molecule in the skin important in vit D synthesis which is activated by UV

A

7-dehydrocholesterol

188
Q

Liver converts activated molecule (7-dehydrocholesterol) into

A

Calcidiol (inactive)

189
Q

Kidney converts Calcidiol into

A

Calcitriol

190
Q

Active form of vit D which allows calcium absorption in GIT

A

Calcitriol

191
Q

Vit D or Calcium deficiency AFTER closure of epiphyseal plate (adults)

A

Osteomalacia

192
Q

Vit D or Calcium deficiency BEFORE closure of epiphyseal plate (children)

A

Rickets

193
Q

2 conditions assoc with BOWLEG’s

A

Rickets

Congenital Syphilis

194
Q

Other name for Rickets

A

Saber shin (tibia)

195
Q

Vit D2

A

ergoCalCiferol

“2C”

196
Q

Vit D3

A

CholeCalCiferol

“3C”

197
Q

Vit D2 and D3, active or inactive?

A

Inactive

198
Q

Sensitive skin when exposed to light rays (UV)); sun allergy

A

Photosensitivity

199
Q

Most common skin cancer located in the MID FACE

A

Basal cell carcinoma

200
Q

Drugs assoc with photosensitivity (side effects)

A

“TIN”

Tetracyclines
Ibuprofen (advil, medicol etc.)
Naproxen (flanax etc.)

201
Q

Chronic skin lesion located in the inner canthus of the eye (in the midface) what possible tumor associated?

A

Basal cell carcinoma

202
Q

Is basal cell carcinoma, benign or malignant?

A

Malignant (capable to metastasize) but behavior is benign (not aggressive or slow growing)

203
Q

Suffix for benign tumors

A

“-oma”

204
Q

4 exceptions for “-oma” that are MALIGNANT

A

✔️Lymphoma
✔️Melanoma
✔️Multiple myeloma
✔️Neuroblastoma

205
Q

Suffix for malignant; Epithelial origin

A

-carcinoma

206
Q

Suffix for malignant; Mesenchymal origin

A

-sarcoma

207
Q

2nd most common skin cancer

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)

208
Q

Most common skin cancer in the ORAL CAVITY

A

SCC

209
Q

Most common site of SCC in oral cavity

A

Posterolateral border of tongue

210
Q

Histologic charac of SCC

A

Keratin pearls

211
Q

Deadliest skin cancer because of high metastatic rate

A

Melanoma

212
Q

Also known as “farmer’s carcinoma”

A

Basal cell carcinoma

213
Q

2 routes of metastasis

A

Blood vessels

Lymph vessels

214
Q

Malignant cancer of lymphocytes

A

Lymphoma

215
Q

Malignant cancer of melanocytes

A

Melanoma

216
Q

Malignant cancer of plasma cells

A

Multiple myeloma

217
Q

Rx app of Multiple Myeloma

A

Punched out appearance

218
Q

Malignant cancer of ADRENAL GLANDS common in children

A

Neuroblastoma

219
Q

Clinical features of Melanoma

A

“ABCDE”

Asymmetry
Border
Color
Diameter (>6mm)
Evolving (changes in size, shape, color)
220
Q

2 growth patterns of Melanoma

A

Radial and Vertical

221
Q

Horizontal growth pattern of Melanoma

A

Radial growth

222
Q

Deadly growth pattern of melanoma

A

Vertical growth

223
Q

Used in grading burns

A

Rule of 9

224
Q

Most common site of Neurblastoma

A

Adrenal glands

225
Q

Fluid filled in epidermis to dermis

A

Blister

226
Q

Large blister with fluid (>5mm)

A

Bulla/Bullae

227
Q

Small blister with fluid (<5mm)

A

Vesicle

228
Q

Fluid filled but with developed EPITHELIAL WALL

A

Cyst

229
Q

Lining of cyst

A

Stratified squamous

230
Q

Lining of residual cyst

A

Stratified squamous

231
Q

Lining of radicular cyst

A

Stratified squamous

232
Q

Elevation of skin (<10mm)

A

Papule

233
Q

> 10mm in diameter

A

Nodule

234
Q

Reddened, elevated, itchy patches of skin; seen in allergic reactions

A

Hives

235
Q

“Pruritus”

A

Itching

236
Q

Assoc with Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)

A

Wart

237
Q

Lining of Primordial cyst

A

Stratified squamous

238
Q

“Common wart”

A

Verruca vulgaris

239
Q

What cellular junctions are attacked by Pemphigus vulgaris

A

Desmosomes

240
Q

Sloughing off seen in Pemphigus vulgaris

A

Nikolsky sign

241
Q

Separation of cells in histology

A

Acantholysis

242
Q

Largest system of the body

A

Integumentary system

DBE Reviewer (22 decks)

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